1. Introduction. 2. Propagation Path Characteristics for Wireless Communication Systems. 3. Modulation and Demodulation Techniques. 4. Anti-Flat Fading Techniques. 5. Anti-Frequency-Selective Fading Techniques. 6. Error Control Techniques. 7. Access and Duplex Techniques. 8. Synchronization for Digital Wireless Transmission Systems. 9. System Performance Evaluation for the Development of Air Interfaces. 10. Radio Link Design. 11. Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) Telecommunication System. 12. Personal Handyphone System (PHS). 13. Digital Multichannel Access (MCA) System. 14. Digital Public PMR System. 15. System Design Strategy for TDMA-Based Systems. 16. System Design Strategy for CDMA-Based Systems. 17. Flexible Radio Interface Design Strategy for Future Wireless Multimedia Communications Systems. Abbreviations and Acronyms. Index.

Applications of digital wireless technologies to global wireless communications

A compact low-cost low-power smart antenna has been proposed in this paper. To reduce the cost and power consumption, it employs the structure of an Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator (ESPAR) antenna. To reduce the size of the antenna, a top-disk loaded monopole and six folded monopoles are employed as the driven element and parasitic elements, respectively. The proposed antenna is called “folded monopole ESPAR antenna”. The heights of the top-disk loaded monopole and folded monopoles are reduced to be less than . Furthermore, the radius of the folded monopole ESPAR antenna is reduced by using capacitive loading technique. An equivalent circuit model is proposed for analyzing the antenna. To validate the concept, a prototype is developed and the antenna operates from 2.3 GHz to 2.55 GHz. The measured results confirm that the folded monopole ESPAR antenna can achieve electronically beam scanning in horizontal plane over a 360 range. The prototype antenna achieves a gain of 4.0 dBi and a front-back ratio of 20 dB. The parasitic elements are loaded by varactors and beam forming is achieved by controlling the DC voltages applied to the varactors.

Electrically Small and Low Cost Smart Antenna for Wireless Communication

This paper presents a compact-size, low-cost smart antenna with electronically switchable radiation patterns, and reconfigurable polarizations. This antenna can be dynamically switched to realize three different polarizations including two orthogonal linear polarizations and one diagonally linear polarization. By closely placing several electronically reconfigurable parasitic elements around the driven antenna, the beam switching can be achieved in any of the three polarization states. In this design, a polarization reconfigurable square patch antenna with a simple feeding network is used as the driven element. The parasitic element is composed of a printed dipole with a PIN diode. Using different combinations of PIN diode on/off states, the radiation pattern can be switched toward different directions to cover an angle range of 0° to 360° in the azimuth plane. The concept is confirmed by a series of measurements. This smart antenna has the advantages of compact size, low cost, low power consumption, reconfigurable polarizations, and beams.

Compact Smart Antenna With Electronic Beam-Switching and Reconfigurable Polarizations

A frequency-reconfigurable antenna for a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system with electronically steerable radiation patterns in azimuth plane is proposed in this letter. For MIMO systems, the steerable radiation patterns are able to reduce the correlation between signals and increase the channel capacity. There are two folded-monopole electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (FM-ESPAR) antennas in the proposed MIMO antenna system in this letter. The radiation pattern of each FM-ESPAR antenna is steerable in azimuth plane from 0 to 360 . Its frequency is reconfigurable between 2.3 and 2.6 GHz. A top-disk loaded monopole and folded monopoles are employed to reduce the height of each FM-ESPAR antenna to 12 mm (λ/10 at 2.4 GHz). The FM-ESPAR antennas are separated from each other by using a 30-mm-long sleeve ground plane. The measured results confirm that the MIMO antenna comprising two FM-ESPAR antennas achieves good isolation at any angle between the main lobes of the FM-ESPAR antennas. The proposed MIMO antenna has compact size, electronically steerable beams, and frequency-agile capability.

Compact MIMO Antenna With Frequency Reconfigurability and Adaptive Radiation Patterns

An adaptive antenna testbed for mobile communication applications is briefly described and results from field trials presented. The goal is to provide an experimental demonstration of both transmit and receive digital beamforming supporting SDMA user access. Trials are presented for a typical urban environment with different combinations of user positions and the ability of the employed adaptive algorithm to establish the link and track the channels is investigated alongside the link BER performance. The tracking performance of the adaptive algorithm used for SDMA is also tested for an indoor environment against maximum ratio combining and a fixed grid of beams.

Space division multiple access (SDMA) field trials - Parts I & II : Tracking and BER performance

In this chapter, we describe a low power consumption, small size reactively controlled directive array. The beamforming of this antenna is achieved by tuning the load reactances at parasitic elements surrounding the active central element. Currently, the beam forming algorithms for the reactively controlled parasitic array antennas require long training time. In comparison with these algorithms, a faster beamforming algorithm based on simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) theory with a MCCC criterion is proposed. The simulation and experimental results validate the algorithm. In an environment where the SIR is 0 dB, the algorithm converges within 50 iterations and achieves an output SINR of 10 dB. With the fast beamforming ability and its low power consumption attribute, the antenna makes the mass deployment of smart antenna technologies practical. To give a comparison of the beamforming algorithm with the one of the standard beamforming algorithm for a DBF antenna array, we compare the proposed algorithm with the LMS beamforming algorithm. Since the parasitic antenna is in nature an analog antenna, it cannot suppresses correlated inter56 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

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Smart antennas for 3G and future wireless communications : algorithms and implementations

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Smart antennas for 3G and future wireless communications : algorithms and implementations