Facile construction of multifunctional 3D smart MOF-based polyurethane sponges with photocatalytic ability for efficient separation of oil-in-water emulsions and co-existing organic pollutant

The study herein was intended to develop CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) embedded in chitosan (CS) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) based bio-nanocomposites with improved functional properties to prolong the shelf life of fruits using eco-friendly solvent casting technique. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy revealed hydrogen bonding interactions between the CS, HPC and CuO NPs. The homogeneity of the CuO NPs distributed bio-nanocomposites was verified by SEM images with minimum aggregations. Bio-nanocomposites showed improved mechanical properties (tensile strength of 33 MPa) with excellent UV-light blocking ability (4% of %transmittance at 360 nm and 20% transparency at 600 nm), also, a significant decrease in moisture adsorption (5.27%), water vapour permeability (2.47%), oxygen permeability (1.39%), and biodegradability (12.58%) compared to control CS/HPC blend film. Furthermore, CuO NPs induced CS/HPC bio-nanocomposites exhibited strong antimicrobial properties against B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans as well as antioxidant properties. Moreover, 0.8% of CuO NPs embedded in CS/HPC bio-nanocomposite film extended the shelf life of packed jamun fruits confirming the potential of prepared bio-nanocomposites to serve as an active food packaging material. 

Fabrication of CuO nanoparticles embedded novel chitosan/hydroxypropyl cellulose bio-nanocomposites for active packaging of jamun fruit

Two-color lateral flow nucleic acid assay combined with double-tailed recombinase polymerase amplification for simultaneous detection of chicken and duck adulteration in mutton

The liquid barrier is a central component of functional liquid packaging materials and is crucial for encapsulating liquid food. To develop high-performance liquid packaging materials for the long-term storage of liquid food, a strong and stable liquid barrier and the simultaneous integration of diverse functionalities must be realized. In this study, inspired by mussel adhesion proteins, nanoparticles are synthesized through oxidative self-polymerization. Furthermore, electrostatic spinning is used for creating multifunctional electrospun fibers for liquid food packaging, which is inspired by the superhydrophobicity of lotus leaf surface and structures of red blood cells. A unique Janus structure with a thin hydrophilic layer and a thick hydrophobic layer prevents liquid food penetration for 12 (EHN/KN electrospun fibers) and 17 days (KN/EHN electrospun fibers). The liquid infiltration mechanism of Janus electrospun fibers is elucidated using the multibody dissipative particle dynamics method, emphasizing their efficacy in avoiding liquid penetration. Moreover, multifunctional KN/EHN electrospun fibers exhibit remarkable characteristics such as water resistance (water contact angle > 150°), UV-blocking (∼100 %), degradability (70 days in soil), biosafety (∼100 %), antioxidation (> 90 %), antimicrobial (∼100 %), grapes and meat freshness retention properties. Thus, this study provides insights into sustainable, high-performance liquid food packaging for enhanced preservation. 

All-natural and triple-inspired Janus electrospun fibers with integrated functions for high-performance liquid food packaging

Inspired by the citrus oil gland and cuticular wax, a multifunctional material that stably and continuously released the carvacrol and provided physical defenses was developed to address issues of fresh-cut fruits to microbial infestation and moisture loss. The results confirmed that low molecular weight and loose structure of starch nanoparticles prepared by the ultrasound-assisted Fenton system were preferable for octenyl succinic anhydride modification compared to native starch, achieving a higher degree of substitution (increased by 18.59 %), utilizing in preparing nanoemulsions (NEs) for encapsulating carvacrol (at 5 % level: 81.58 %). Furthermore, the NEs-based gelatin (G) film improved with surface hydrophobic modification by myristic acid (MA) successfully replicated the citrus oil gland and cuticular wax, providing superior antioxidant (enhanced by 3–4 times) and antimicrobial properties (95.99 % and 84.97 % against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively), as well as the exceptional UV shielding (nearly 0 transmittance in the UV region), mechanical (72 % increase in tensile strength), and hydrophobic (WCA 133.63°). Moreover, the 5%NE-G@MA film inhibited foodborne microbial growth (reduced by 50 %) and water loss (controlled below 15 %), extending the shelf life of fresh-cut navel orange and kiwi. Thus, the multifunctional film was a potential shield for preserving perishable fresh-cut products. 

Citrus oil gland and cuticular wax inspired multifunctional gelatin film of OSA-starch nanoparticles-based nanoemulsions for preserving perishable fruit

Biodegradable gelatin (G) food packaging films are in increasing demand as the substitution of petroleum-based preservative materials. However, G packaging films universally suffer from weak hydrophobicity in practical applications. Constructing a hydrophobic micro/nanocoating with low surface energy is an effective countermeasure. However, the poor compatibility with the hydrophilic G substrate often leads to the weak interfacial adhesion and poor durability of the hydrophobic coating. To overcome this obstacle, we used (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APS) as an interfacial bridging agent to prepare a highly hydrophobic, versatile G nanocomposite film. Specifically, tannic acid (TA)-modified nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) particles (THA) were introduced in G matrix (G-THA) to improve the mechanical properties. Micro/nanostructure with low surface energy composed of nanozinc oxide (Nano-ZnO)/APS/stearic acid (SA) (NAS) was constructed on the surface of G-THA film (G-THA/NAS) through one-step spray treatment. Consequently, as-prepared G-THA/NAS film presented excellent mechanics (tensile strength: 7.6 MPa, elongation at break: 292.7%), water resistance ability (water contact angle: 150.4°), high UV-shielding (0% transmittance at 200 nm), degradability (100% degradation rate after buried in the natural soil for 15 days), antioxidant (78.8% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity), and antimicrobial (inhibition zone against Escherichia coli: 15.0 mm and Staphylococcus aureus: 16.5 mm) properties. It should be emphasized that the bridging function of APS significantly improves the interfacial adhesion ability of the NAS coating with more than 95% remaining area after the cross-cut adhesion test. Meanwhile, the G-THA/NAS film could maintain stable and long-lasting hydrophobic surfaces against UV radiation, high temperature, and abrasion. Based on these multifunctional properties, the G-THA/NAS film was successfully applied as a liquid packaging material. To sum up, we provide a feasible and effective method to prepare high-performance green packaging films.

Highly Hydrophobic Gelatin Nanocomposite Film Assisted by Nano-ZnO/(3-Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane/Stearic Acid Coating for Liquid Food Packaging.

Drops falling on substrates with varying wettability exhibit distinct morphologies. However, the relation between the impact force exerted by a water drop and the substrate wettability has not been thoroughly explored. In this paper, we investigate the effect of contact angle (ranging from 40° to 180°) on the impact force of water drops, along with the spreading diameter, rim height, and retracting velocity. Our attention is focused to the inertial regime with the Weber number ranging from 30 to 100, which enables us to rationalize the dynamic relations and to correlate the kinematics of the drop with the impact force through scaling analysis. We find that substrate wettability has insignificant effect on the first force peak, which arises mainly from the momentum change during the initial impact. However, it does influence the second force peak, which originates from the momentum change in the flow redirecting from the radial inward direction to the vertical direction, accompanied by a column-shape Worthington jet. The second peak force gradually diminishes as the contact angle decreases, until it becomes indistinguishable below 40°, while the time at which the second peak force emerges is delayed.

Effect of wettability on the impact force of water drops falling on flat solid surfaces

The coalescence-induced jumping detachment of droplets during condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces proves to be a promising strategy for addressing critical issues in various phase-change related applications. Protruding structures such as ridges have been reported to enhance the jumping probability and jumping kinetic energy. However, there is a lack of comprehensive investigations into the coupling physics involved in this process, as well as a unified model for accurately predicting droplet jumping, which is presented in this work. The model can predict droplet jumping under varying ridge heights, mismatches and scales of droplets. With the aid of ridges, we achieve a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 43.1% for micro-droplets, which is 18 times of that on a planar surface. Our phase maps illustrate the critical conditions necessary for successful jumping detachments, validated by experimental data within a 20% margin of error. Applications of our model on the droplet-jumping-based vapor chambers are elaborated. It is found that mere detachment is inadequate. Furthermore, jumping needs to be fast enough to overcome air entrainment. By introducing ridges, we demonstrate that the upper limit of heat flux of vapor chamber at the hotspot can be expanded by an order of magnitude to 1000 W/cm2, corresponding to a vapor flow velocity of 1.48 m/s perpendicular to the condensing surface. Our model helps in the design and assessment of condensation equipment by providing the necessary parameter space required to realize valid condenser-to-evaporator jumping. 

Modelling ridge enhanced droplet jumping with varying mismatches and scales for vapor chamber performance estimations

Abstract Objective: The contamination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) samples in molecular diagnostic laboratories can cause serious consequences. Internal quality control efforts are often inadequate, especially in clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) laboratories. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively investigated an incidence of PCR contamination and its decontamination process in a clinical laboratory. We performed a series of measures for decontamination. Taqman fluorescence quantification was carried out to determine the presence of contaminating DNA. SYBR-Green PCR was conducted to evaluate the effect of chlorine disinfectant on NGS library preparation. Results: Through a series of elimination measures undertaken over 8 weeks, the decontamination process was verified as reliable. Almost no contamination was detected. Chlorine disinfectant should be forbidden in Illumina NGS laboratories because it may cause the failure of library preparation. Conclusion: Our prevention and decontamination strategies could effectively eliminate PCR amplicons. Chlorine disinfectants should not be used in Illumina NGS laboratories.

Protocol and Matters for Consideration for the Treatment of Polymerase Chain Reaction Contamination in Next-Generation Sequencing Laboratories

Realizing jumping detachment of condensed droplets from solid surfaces at the smallest sizes possible is vital for applications such as antifogging/frosting and heat transfer. For instance, if droplets uniformly jump at sizes smaller than visible light wavelengths of 400-720 nm, antifogging issues could be resolved. In comparison, the smallest droplets experimentally observed so far to jump uniformly were around 16 μm in radius. Here, we show molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of persistent droplet jumping with a uniform radius down to only 3.6 nm on superhydrophobic thin-walled lattice (TWL) nanostructures integrated with superhydrophilic nanospots. The size cutoff is attributed to the preferential cross-lattice coalescence of island droplets. As an application, the MD results exhibit a 10× boost in the heat transfer coefficient (HTC), showing a -1 scaling law with the maximum droplet radius. We provide phase diagrams for jumping and wetting behaviors to guide the design of lattice structures with advanced antidew performance.

Uniform and Persistent Jumping Detachment of Condensed Nanodroplets.

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