It is well known that the piezoelectric performance of ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) based ceramics is far inferior to that of ferroelectric single crystals due to ceramics' polycrystalline nature. Herein, it is reported that piezoelectric stress coefficient e33 = 39.24 C m−2 (induced electric displacement under applied strain) in the relaxor piezoelectric ceramic 0.55Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.135PbZrO3–0.315PbTiO3 (PNN‐PZT) prepared by the solid state reaction method exhibits the highest value among various reported ferroelectric ceramic and single crystal materials. In addition, its piezoelectric coefficient d33* = 1753 pm V−1 is also comparable with that of the commercial Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) piezoelectric single crystal. The PNN‐PZT ceramic is then assembled into a cymbal energy harvester. Notably, its maximum output current at the acceleration of 3.5 g is 2.5 mApp, which is four times of the PMN‐PT single crystal due to the large piezoelectric e33 constants; while the maximum output power is 14.0 mW, which is almost the same as the PMN‐PT single crystal harvester. The theoretical analysis on force‐induced power output is also presented, which indicates PNN‐PZT ceramic has great potential for energy device application.

Giant Piezoelectric Coefficients in Relaxor Piezoelectric Ceramic PNN-PZT for Vibration Energy Harvesting

Progress and challenges of 3D-printing technologies in the manufacturing of piezoceramics

0.96(Na0.5K0.5)(Nb0.93Sb0.07)O3−(0.04−x)BaZrO3−x(Bi0.5Ag0.5)ZrO3[NKNS−(0.04−x)BZ−xBAZ] ceramics are well textured along the [001] direction using 3.0 mol% NaNbO3 seeds. The textured-NKNS−0.02BZ−0.02BAZ thick film has a rhombohedral-orthorhombic-tetragonal (R-O-T) structure with a large proportion of the O-R structure (> 80%). This specimen exhibits the largest values for d33 (805 pC/N) and d33 ×g33 (29.5 ×10−12 m2/N), which are the largest d33 and d33 ×g33 values of NKN-based piezoceramics to date. It exhibits a large strain (0.17% at 4.0 kV/mm). Therefore, it is an outstanding piezoceramic material for piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) and actuators. A PEH and actuator are fabricated using this specimen. The PEH shows a large power density (4.3 mW/cm3), which is the largest value among the PEHs produced by lead-free piezoceramics. The actuator exhibits a large acceleration (50.8 G) and displacement (3.9 mm), which are the best actuating properties among the actuators produced by lead-free piezoceramics. Therefore, texturing is an excellent technique for improving the piezoelectricity of NKN-based piezoceramics. 

Improvement of piezoelectricity of (Na, K)Nb-based lead-free piezoceramics using [001]-texturing for piezoelectric energy harvesters and actuators

Designing piezoceramics with a large transduction coefficient (d33×g33) is key to improving the power generation of piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs). However, in popular PEH materials such as Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3 (PZN-PZT), the same trend in the variation of d33 and er makes it difficult to achieve a large d33 × g33. In this work, we introduced low-er Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3 (PIN) into the PZN-PZT matrix to pull down the er of the quaternary system. This simultaneously stabilized d33 in a certain range due to the refinement of the domain structure and increased the electrostrictive coefficient (Q33), and consequently the d33 × g33 value increased to 16081 × 10−15 m2/N for the optimal composition. We assembled a cantilever beam type PEH from the preferred material with a power density up to 3.37 μW/mm3 at 1 g acceleration, and demonstrated its use to charge an electrolytic capacitor to drive commercial blue LEDs and a speed sensor.

Large enhancement of transduction coefficient in PZN-PZT energy harvesting system through introducing low-εr PIN relaxor

[Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)0.01(Ni1/3Nb2/3)0.495(Zr0.3Ti0.7)0.495O3 + x wt% Co2O3, x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8] piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by a traditional two-step solid-state reaction method. The effects of Co2O3 doping on the phase structure, microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated and further discussed the reasons for increase of dielectric loss and decrease of dielectric relaxation behavior. The XRD patterns show that all ceramics are pure perovskite phase structure. When doping amount of Co2O3 is 0.4 wt%, the sample exhibits the optimum properties, i.e., d33 = 768pC/N, kp = 0.63, er = 6011, tanδ = 0.008, moreover the Curie temperature (Tc) and parameter γ reach 131 °C and 1.9937, respectively. The result confirms that the ceramic is with the potentialities to be applied in low loss ceramic filter.

Effects of Co 2 O 3 doping on electrical properties and dielectric relaxation of PMS–PNN–PZT ceramics

Pb(Zn1/3Ni2/3)c(Ni1/3Nb2/3)a(ZrxTiy)bO3 (PZN–PNN–PZT, the ratios of PNN/PZT a/b were 0.88, 1 and 1.136) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by a traditional solid-state reaction method. The effects of PNN/PZT ratio on phase structure, microstructure and electric properties as well as the relaxation behaviors of PZN–PNN–PZT ceramics were investigated. The XRD patterns showed that all ceramics samples had a pure perovskite phase structure. Meanwhile, it was found that the phase structure undergoes a tetragonal, tetragonal-rhombohedral to rhombohedral transition as ratios of PNN/PZT increased. With the increasing of a/b from 0.88 to 1.136, the dielectric constant and diffusive phase coefficient decreases, it was indicated that relaxation behaviors also decreased. When ceramics with a/b was 1.136, the dielectric relaxation γ reached the minimum and electrical properties were poor. The electric properties of ceramics with a/b was 1.00 have an excellent properties, it was indicated that ceramics reached an optimization at the MPB structure.

Effects of PNN/PZT ratios on phase structure, electric properties and relaxation behavior of PZN–PNN–PZT ceramics

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Effects of PNN/PZT ratios on phase structure, electric properties and relaxation behavior of PZN–PNN–PZT ceramics