The lack of control of the content published is broadly regarded as a positive aspect of the Web, assuring freedom of speech to its users. On the other hand, there is also a lack of control of the content accessed by users when browsing Web pages. In some situations this lack of control may be undesired. For instance, parents may not desire their children to have access to offensive content available on the Web. In particular, accessing Web pages with nude images is among the most common problem of this sort. One way to tackle this problem is by using automated offensive image detection algorithms which can filter undesired images. Recent approaches on nude image detection use a combination of features based on color, texture, shape and other low level features in order to describe the image content. These features are then used by a classifier which is able to detect offensive images accordingly. In this paper we propose SNIF - simple nude image finder - which uses a color based feature only, extracted by an effective and efficient algorithm for image description, the border/interior pixel classification (BIC), combined with a machine learning technique, namely support vector machines (SVM). SNIF uses a simpler feature model when compared to previously proposed methods, which makes it a fast image classifier. The experiments carried out depict that the proposed method, despite its simplicity, is capable to identify up to 98% of nude images from the test set. This indicates that SNIF is as effective as previously proposed methods for detecting nude images.

SNIF: a simple nude image finder

The embodiments of the invention provide a systems, methods, etc. for adaptive content processing and classification in a high-availability environment. More specifically, a system is provided having a plurality of processing engines and at least one server that classifies data objects on the computer system. The classification includes analyzing the data objects for the presence of a type of content. This can include assigning a score corresponding to the amount of the type of content in each of the data objects. Moreover, the server can remove a data object from the computer system based on the results of the analyzing. The results of the analyzing are stored and the computer system is updated with feedback information. This can include allowing a user to review the results of the analyzing and aggregating reviews of the user into the feedback information.

System and method for adaptive content processing and classification in a high-availability environment

In order to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of webpage filtering, a sensitive webpage filter based on multiple filtering was designed. Firstly, the URL is gained from IE browser’s address bar by BHO technology; Secondly, match the webpage text with sensitive vocabulary database using SMA algorithm; Finally, use the sensitive image detecting algorithm combing face detection, skin detection, skin text detection and classification to filter sensitive images in the webpage. The Simulation experimental results showed that the sensitive webpage filter can effectively intercept and filter sensitive webpages, meeting the accuracy and the real-time requirement of webpage filtering.

Sensitive Webpage Filter Based on Multiple Filtering

We propose an adaptive skin-detection method, which allows modelling and detection of the true skin-color pixels with significantly higher accuracy and flexibility than previous methods. In principle, the proposed approach follows a two-step process. For a given image, we first perform a rough skin classification using a generic skin-model which defines the Skin-Similar space. The Skin-Similar space often contains many non-skin pixels due to the inevitable overlap in the color space between skin pixels and some non-skin pixels under the generic skin-model. The objective of the second step is to reduce the false-positive rate by analyzing the image under consideration. Specifically, in the second step, a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), specific to the image under consideration and refined from its Skin-Similar space, is derived using the standard Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. We then use a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to identify the skin Gaussian from the trained GMM by incorporating spatial and shape information of the skin pixels. Moreover, we examine how the improvement on skin detection by this adaptive skin-model impacts the detection accuracy in the application of Objectionable Image Filtering. We further propose a two-level classification scheme based on hierarchical bagging to improve the accuracy. Results of extensive experiments on large databases demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of our adaptive skin-model.

An adaptive skin model and its application to objectionable image filtering

The proliferation of objectionable information on the Internet has reached a level of serious concern. To empower end-users with the choice of blocking undesirable and offensive Web-sites, we propose a multimodal personalized information filter, named MORF. The design of MORF aims to meet three major performance goals: efficiency, accuracy, and personalization. To achieve these design goals, we have devised a multimodality classification algorithm and a personalization algorithm. Empirical study and initial statistics collected from the MORF filters deployed at sites in the U.S. and Asia show that MORF is both efficient and effective, compared to the traditional URL- and text-based filtering approaches.

MORF: A Distributed Multimodal Information Filtering System

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MORF: A Distributed Multimodal Information Filtering System