Strong polyelectrolytes, poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMAC) dissolved in aqueous KBr can be 3D printed for the first time in the air via direct ink writing (DIW). Viscous polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) solutions were deposited layer-by-layer and quenched with deionized water to produce mechanically viable, viscoelastic hydrogel objects. Optimal inks were confirmed by rheology and thermogravimetric measurements to map flow behavior with material composition. Post-print handling and storage protocols were developed to produce printed resolutions more consistent with conventional DIW.

On the 3D printing of polyelectrolyte complexes: A novel approach to overcome rheology constraints

Copper ions in wastewater pose a significant threat to human and ecological safety. Therefore, preparing macroscopic adsorbents with reusable and high adsorption performance is paramount. This paper used graphene oxide as the adsorbent and chitosan as the thickener. Additionally, a silane coupling agent was employed to enhance the acid resistance of chitosan, and amino-modification of graphene oxide was performed. Macroscopic adsorbents with high adsorption capacity were fabricated using 3D printing technology. The results show that all five proportions of inks exhibit good printability. Dissolution experiments revealed that all materials maintained structural integrity after 180 days across pH values. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful preparation of the materials. Adsorption experiments showed that the best performing material ratio was 8 wt% graphene oxide and 7 wt% chitosan. Adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption experiments demonstrated that the adsorption process occurred via monolayer chemisorption. The adsorption process was attributed to strong electrostatic forces, van der Waals forces, and nitrogen/oxygen-containing functional group coordination. Cycling experiments showed that the material retained good adsorption performance after 6 cycles, suggesting its potential for practical heavy metal treatment applications. 

Acid-resistant chitosan/graphene oxide adsorbent for Cu2+ removal: The role of mixed cross-linking and amino-functionalized

Abstract Adhesives and sealants show fine rheology with good physical and mechanical properties as viscous pastes, a possible starting point for developing direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing ink. However, many commercial adhesives and sealants take days or weeks to cure fully. DIW 3D‐printed parts made directly from these sealants are not designed for a scalable manufacturing process and high‐volume production. Moreover, most of these adhesives and sealants have volume shrinkage during cure. A systematic understanding of formulation methods and design principles for an elastomeric silicone DIW ink can overcome these issues. This study presents the cogent formulation development of a 3D printable thermoset elastomer silicone that gels and cures isotropically in minutes, reducing cycle time for rapid ink development with no shrinkage during cure. More specifically, we outline the principles of raw material selection of a formulation to achieve excellent rheology, printability, synchronized working, and gel time fitting requirements closer to scalable manufacturing. The reaction kinetics and their corresponding 3D‐printed structural properties are also described. Interest in future work is toward a rational DIW 3D printing ink material development protocol and use of machine learning (ML). Highlights Formulation method flexibility and design principle of DIW ink. Raw material selection principle to achieve optimal rheology for DIW printing. Ink gel kinetics for large‐scale DIW manufacturing. Hydrosilylation conversion over time at different ambient temperatures. Structural properties of DIW 3D printed parts. 

On the cogent formulation of an elastomeric silicone ink material for direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing

Additive manufacturing has been used in art restoration and conservation. Advantages include no direct contact and preserving fragile and rare objects. Long-term stability and aesthetics emphasize materials research. We curate examples highlighting 3D printing and materials in art conservation and creation. This prospective also connects materials choices, 3D digital technologies, and artificial intelligence. An increasing number of modern art pieces are now produced by 3D printing and are in many operations in museums worldwide. Whether creating modern or restoring classical art, a general protocol is now introduced, including future prospective and directions in the field.

3D digital manufacturing technologies, materials, and artificial intelligence in art

Direct Ink Writing (DIW) is a promising 3D printing method for controlled multi-material deposition to make well-defined geometrical structures. Stringent rheological requirements enable the additive build-up of extruded layers. Although commercially available, no occasion has been reported on poly(butyl vinyl ether) adhesives for DIW. The moisture curing mechanism and thixotropic build-up indicate an alternative route to cross-linking curing to thermoset elastomers. Chemical composition and rheological characterizations were conducted to evaluate printability and physicochemical properties (i.e., dielectric properties, thermal conductivity, etc.) to address the potential for further reformulation and study with nanomaterial additives.

Formulated poly (butyl vinyl ether) adhesives as alternative materials for direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing

Direct ink writing (DIW) has emerged as a promising manufacturing technique owing to its precise spatial, temporal, and controlled multi-material deposition capabilities, which facilitate the fabrication of well-defined geometrical structures from a broad range of materials. As an alternative to costly chemically tailored DIW functional inks, herein, we present a detailed study of well-known inexpensive, commercially available polymeric thermoset elastomers as potential inks for DIW 3D printing. Chemical compositional and rheological characterizations were performed to compare three commercial acrylic elastomer inks, while printability and various performance properties of the corresponding 3D-printed structures were evaluated. Graphical abstract

Acrylic sealants as practicable direct ink writing (DIW) 3D-printable materials

Correction: Formulated poly (butyl vinyl ether) adhesives as alternative materials for direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing

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Acrylic sealants as practicable direct ink writing (DIW) 3D-printable materials

Formulated poly (butyl vinyl ether) adhesives as alternative materials for direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing

Correction: Formulated poly (butyl vinyl ether) adhesives as alternative materials for direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing