Social scientists interested in explaining historical processes can, indeed should, refuse the choice between modeling causal relationships and studying history. Identifying temporality as the defining characteristic of processes that can be meaningfully distinguished as “history,” I show that modeling such phenomena engenders particular difficulties but is both possible and fruitful. Narratives, as a way of presenting empirical information, have distinctive strengths that make them especially suited for historical scholarship, and structuring the narratives based on the model allows us to treat them as data on which to test the model. At the same time, this use of narratives raises methodological problems not identified in recent debates. I specify these problems, analyze their implications, and suggest ways of solving or minimizing them. There is no inherent incompatibility between—but much potential gain from—modeling history and using historical narratives as data.

https://people.duke.edu/~buthe/downloads/buthe_apsr_sep2002.pdf

Taking Temporality Seriously: Modeling History and the Use of Narratives as Evidence

Preface 1. Contention and democracy 2. Regimes and their contention 3. Undemocratic contention 4. France 5. The British Isles 6. Switzerland as a special case 7. Democracy and other regimes in Europe 8. Europe and elsewhere.

Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650-2000

The Rebellious Century 1830-1930.

Seeing Like a State . By James C. Scott. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. Pp. xiv, 445. $37.50 cloth, $16.95 paper.)

The Making of a Bourgeois State: War, Politics and Finance during the Dutch Revolt, by Marjolein C. 't Hart

Drawing on a lifetime of comparisons between French and British experiences, this essay clears ground for a more general explanation of variation in the impact of regimes on contention, and vice versa, over Europe as a whole since 1650. Differences among Swiss, British, French, Dutch, Iberian, and other European experiences with regime change and contention set challenging empirical, conceptual, and theoretical problems. Considering the great variety of European trajectories, how can we possibly pinpoint important similarities and differences in the interplay among changes in social environments, alterations in governmental forms, histories of contentious politics, and approaches to (or retreats from) democracy? How can we single out the effects of varying patterns of military activity? What concepts will help discipline those comparisons and single out significant causal mechanisms? To what extent can we identify recurrent cause-effect relationships that operated throughout the range of European history since 1650? This paper's task is to lay out tools for pursuit of those questions.

/pdf/armed-force-regimes-contention-and-democratization-in-europe-3ro5u3dxrb.pdf

Armed Force, Regimes, Contention, and Democratization in Europe since 1650

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Armed Force, Regimes, Contention, and Democratization in Europe since 1650