Indoor air quality and health

Quantifying human exposure to air pollution - moving from static monitoring to spatio-temporally resolved personal exposure assessment

Organic compounds in indoor air—their relevance for perceived indoor air quality?

Biological treatment of indoor air for VOC removal: potential and challenges.

Preface 1 Basics and history of discovery of atmospheric chemicals 2 The Sun, the Earth, and the evolution of the Earth's atmosphere 3 Structure and composition of the present-day atmosphere 4 Urban air pollution 5 Aerosol particles in smog and the global environment 6 Effects of meteorology on air pollution 7 Effects of pollution on visibility, UV radiation, and atmosphere optics 8 International regulation of urban smog since the 1940s 9 Indoor air pollution 10 Acid deposition 11 Global stratospheric ozone reduction 12 The greenhouse effect and global warming Conversions and constants References Index

Atmospheric Pollution: History, Science, and Regulation

Although short-duration elevated exposures (peak exposures) to pollutants may trigger adverse acute effects, epidemiological studies to understand their influence on different health effects are hampered by lack of methods for objectively identifying peaks. Secondhand smoke from cigarettes (SHS) in the residential environment can lead to peak exposures. The aim of this study was to explore whether peaks in continuous PM2.5 data can indicate SHS exposure. A total of 41 children (21 with and 20 without SHS exposure based on self-report) from 28 families in New York City (NY, USA) were recruited. Both personal and residential continuous PM2.5 monitoring were performed for five consecutive days using MicroPEM sensors (RTI International, USA). A threshold detection method based on cumulative distribution function was developed to identify peaks. When children were home, the mean accumulated peak area (APA) for peak exposures was 297 ± 325 hour*µg/m3 for children from smoking families and six times that of the APA from non-smoking families (~50 ± 54 hour*µg/m3 ). Average PM2.5 mass concentrations for SHS exposed and unexposed children were 24 ± 15 µg/m3 and 15 ± 9 µg/m3 , respectively. The average SHS exposure duration represents ~5% of total exposure time, but ~13% of children's total PM2.5 exposure dose, equivalent to an additional 2.6 µg/m3 per day. This study demonstrated the feasibility of peak analysis for quantifying SHS exposure. The developed method can be adopted more widely to support epidemiology studies on impacts of short-term exposures.

/pdf/characterizing-peak-exposure-of-secondhand-smoke-using-a-f8vmgj049s.pdf

Characterizing peak exposure of secondhand smoke using a real-time PM2.5 monitor.

The influence of personal activity sources on exposure to indoor contaminants is defined and demonstrated using data from occupational and residential studies. The ratios of measurements from personal exposure monitors to those made by microenvironmental exposure monitors are summarized to be typically 3 to 10 for occupational settings and 1.2 to 3.3 for residential settings. The ratios are shown to be lognormally distributed, and dependent primarily on the proximity of the source to the receptors. Current models are reviewed for possible application to the prediction of indoor concentration gradients and future model development and validation studies are suggested. (Copyright (c) 1991 Danish Technical Press, DK-Copenhagen.)

The Significance and Characteristics of the Personal Activity Cloud on Exposure Assessment Measurements for Indoor Contaminants

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Characterizing peak exposure of secondhand smoke using a real-time PM2.5 monitor.

The Significance and Characteristics of the Personal Activity Cloud on Exposure Assessment Measurements for Indoor Contaminants