Zn-Y co-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials with high electrochemical performance

Improved electrochemical performance of high voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 achieved by a dual electronic and ionic surface modification strategy

Doping of Ru has been used to enhance the performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials. However, the effects of Ru doping on the two types of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 are rarely studied. In this study, Ru4+ with a stoichiometric ratio of 0.05 is introduced into LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with different space groups (Fd3¯m, P4332). The influence of Ru doping on the properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (Fd3¯m, P4332) is comprehensively studied using multiple techniques such as XRD, Raman, and SEM methods. Electrochemical tests show that Ru4+-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (P4332) delivers the optimal electrochemical performance. Its initial specific capacity reaches 132.8 mAh g−1, and 97.7% of this is retained after 300 cycles at a 1 C rate at room temperature. Even at a rate of 10 C, the capacity of Ru4+-LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (P4332) is still 100.7 mAh g−1. Raman spectroscopy shows that the Ni/Mn arrangement of Ru4+-LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (Fd3¯m) is not significantly affected by Ru4+ doping. However, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (P4332) is transformed to semi-ordered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 after the incorporation of Ru4+. Ru4+ doping hinders the ordering process of Ni/Mn during the heat treatment process, to an extent.

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The Effects of Ru4+ Doping on LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with Two Crystal Structures

Zn-Y Co-Doping Lini0.5mn1.5o4 Cathode Materials with High Electrochemical Performance

Ruthenium doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) microspheres has been prepared by a simple solid-state reaction process. The as-prepared sample was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemistry performance test. The sample shows a spinel crystal structure without RuO2 impurity phase, and Ru doped sample crystal plane spacing increases. Combined with EDS spectrum, it indicates that the Ru ion was doped in the LNMO and distributed homogeneously. The XPS also further confirm the existence of Ru ions, and Ru has no obvious influence on Ni and Mn elements. The SEM images show that all the samples are sphere-like, with many polyhedral particles attached to the surface. When doped with 4% Ru ion, many cavities appear on the surface to form a porous structure. Electrochemical analysis confirms that the Ru-doped sample exhibits better electrochemical properties regarding discharge capacity, cycle stability, and rate performance. The 4% Ru-doped sample owns an initial discharge capacity of 125 mAh g−1 at 0.25C rate, with a capacity retention of 92% after 50 charge–discharge cycles. Moreover, at high current density (1C), Ru doped sample’s discharge capacity is 103 mAh g−1 while the original is only 86 mAh g−1. The excellent electrochemical properties are attributed to the Ru doping that increases the interlayer spacing and reduces the charge-transfer impedance (Rct), which is beneficial to lithium ion-exchange.

Ruthenium doped LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 microspheres with enhanced electrochemical performance as lithium-ion battery cathode

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Ruthenium doped LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 microspheres with enhanced electrochemical performance as lithium-ion battery cathode