Abstract Background Insulin resistance (IR) has been confirmed that getting involved in the pathophysiological process of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recently, increasing evidence suggests metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride glucose-body mass (TyG-BMI) index are simple and reliable surrogates for IR. However, their abilities in predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are not well explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association and evaluate the predictive performance of each index. Methods A total of 2533 consecutive participants undergoing PCI were included in this study, and the data from 1461 patients were used to determine the correlation of these non-insulin-based IR indices with major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) via performing the multivariate logistic models and restricted cubic splines (RCS). Results During a median of 29.8 months follow-up, 195 cases of 1461 patients experienced incident MACCEs. In the overall population, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated no statistically significant connection between these IR indices and MACCEs. Subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions between age subgroups and TyG-BMI index, as well as METS-IR, and between sex subgroups and TyG index. In elderly patients, per 1.0-SD increment in TyG-BMI index and METS-IR had a significant association with MACCEs, with odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 1.24 (1.02–1.50) and 1.27 (1.04–1.56), respectively (both P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, in female patients, all the IR indices showed significant associations with MACCEs. Multivariable-adjusted RCS curves demonstrated a linear relationship between METS-IR and MACCEs in elderly and female patients, respectively. However, all the IR indices failed to enhance the predictive performance of the basic risk model for MACCEs. Conclusion All the four IR indices showed a significant association with MACCEs in female individuals, whereas only TyG-BMI index and METS-IR showed associations in elderly patients. Although the inclusion of these IR indices did not improve the predictive power of basic risk model in either female or elderly patients, METS-IR appears to be the most promising index for secondary prevention of MACCEs and risk stratification in patients undergoing PCI. 

/pdf/association-between-non-insulin-based-insulin-resistance-255cuz8e.pdf

Association between non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective study

Hyperlipidemia with the characteristic of excessive blood lipid level is a risk factor for stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, sudden death, and so on. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the dangers of hyperlipidemia and look for natural lipid-lowering ingredients to prevent and relieve hyperlipidemia. In recent years, various studies have shown that active ingredients from marine foods exhibit obvious anti-hyperlipidemia activity, which have attracted more and more researches' attention. This paper shows that the regulatory mechanisms of lipid metabolism mainly include the cholesterol metabolism balance and the metabolism balance of triglyceride and fatty acid. This paper also summarizes active ingredients from marine foods with the role of treating or preventing hyperlipidemia, and relevant literature published in the past decades are reviewed. The active ingredients from marine foods are divided into polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, saponins, polyphenols and others, which are described in this article from the aspects of active ingredients, sources, models, efficacy and mechanisms. This paper may provide a valuable reference for the development of functional ingredients from marine foods with anti-hyperlipidemia activity.

The improvements of functional ingredients from marine foods in lipid metabolism

Abstract Background Recent studies have suggested that insulin resistance (IR) contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) is considered to be a reliable surrogate marker of IR. However, most existing evidence stems from studies involving diabetic patients, potentially overstating the effects of eGDR on CVD. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to examine the relationship of eGDR with incidence of CVD in non-diabetic participants. Method The current analysis included individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) who were free of CVD and diabetes mellitus but had complete data on eGDR at baseline. The formula for calculating eGDR was as follows: eGDR (mg/kg/min) = 21.158 − (0.09 × WC) − (3.407 × hypertension) − (0.551 × HbA1c) [WC (cm), hypertension (yes = 1/no = 0), and HbA1c (%)]. The individuals were categorized into four subgroups according to the quartiles (Q) of eGDR. Crude incidence rate and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to investigate the association between eGDR and incident CVD, with the lowest quartile of eGDR (indicating the highest grade of insulin resistance) serving as the reference. Additionally, the multivariate adjusted restricted cubic spine (RCS) was employed to examine the dose–response relationship. Results We included 5512 participants in this study, with a mean age of 58.2 ± 8.8 years, and 54.1% were female. Over a median follow-up duration of 79.4 months, 1213 incident CVD cases, including 927 heart disease and 391 stroke, were recorded. The RCS curves demonstrated a significant and linear relationship between eGDR and all outcomes (all P for non-linearity &gt; 0.05). After multivariate adjustment, the lower eGDR levels were founded to be significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD. Compared with participants with Q1 of eGDR, the HRs (95% CIs) for those with Q2 − 4 were 0.88 (0.76 − 1.02), 0.69 (0.58 − 0.82), and 0.66 (0.56 − 0.79). When assessed as a continuous variable, per 1.0-SD increase in eGDR was associated a 17% (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78 − 0.89) lower risk of CVD, with the subgroup analyses indicating that smoking status modified the association ( P for interaction = 0.012). Moreover, the mediation analysis revealed that obesity partly mediated the association. Additionally, incorporating eGDR into the basic model considerably improve the predictive ability for CVD. Conclusion A lower level of eGDR was found to be associated with increased risk of incident CVD among non-diabetic participants. This suggests that eGDR may serve as a promising and preferable predictor and intervention target for CVD. 

pdf/insulin-resistance-assessed-by-estimated-glucose-disposal-1k8t0w3dqa.pdf

Insulin resistance assessed by estimated glucose disposal rate and risk of incident cardiovascular diseases among individuals without diabetes: findings from a nationwide, population based, prospective cohort study

Association between household air pollution from solid fuel use and risk of chronic diseases and their multimorbidity among Chinese adults

BACKGROUND
Given the increasing burden of chronic conditions, multimorbidity is now a priority for public health systems worldwide. However, the relationship between household air pollution (HAP) exposure with multimorbidity remains unclear.


METHODS
We used three waves data (2011, 2013, and 2015) including 19,295 participants aged ≥ 45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, to investigate the association between HAP exposure from solid fuel use for heating and cooking with the risk of chronic multimorbidity. Multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of two or more of 15 chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, asthma, kidney disease, liver disease, digestive disease, cancer, psychiatric disease, memory-related disease, and arthritis). Multiple logistic regression investigated the association between solid fuel use for heating and cooking, separately or simultaneously, with the risk of multimorbidity. Poisson regression with quasi-likelihood estimation explored whether solid fuel exposure could increase the number of morbidities. Stratified analyses and sensitivity analyses examined the effect modification and robustness of the association.


RESULTS
Of the 19,295 participants (mean age: 58.9 years), 40.9 % have multimorbidity. Compared with participants who used clean fuels for heating and cooking, the risk was higher in mixed fuel (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 1.26, 95 %CI:1.16-1.36) and solid fuel users (aOR = 1.81, 1.67-1.98) separately. HAP from solid fuel use was positively associated with an increased number of morbidities (adjusted β = 0.329, 0.290 to 0.368), after controlling for confounders. Those living in a one-story building, with poor household cleanliness have a higher risk of multimorbidity. No significant modifications of those associations by the socio-demographic and behaviour characteristics was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
HAP from solid fuel use is associated with a high risk of chronic multimorbidity in Chinese adults. Our findings provide important implications for reducing chronic disease burden by restricting solid fuel use.

Association between household air pollution from solid fuel use and risk of chronic diseases and their multimorbidity among Chinese adults.

Household air pollution, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: Results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.

[Study on the selective removal of plasma low-density lipoprotein and fibrinogen by degraded carrageenan].

Study on LDL adsorbent modified by lauric acid

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Papers

Household air pollution, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: Results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.

[Study on the selective removal of plasma low-density lipoprotein and fibrinogen by degraded carrageenan].

Study on LDL adsorbent modified by lauric acid