Earthquakes are among the most impressive natural phenomena with very high potential to set off a chain of effects that significantly affects public health through casualties and injuries. Related disasters are attributed not only to the strong ground motion and coseismic phenomena but also to secondary effects, comprising mainly landslides and tsunamis, among others. All these can create harsh conditions favorable for the emergence of infectious diseases that are capable of causing additional human and economic losses and disruption of the emergency and recovery process. The present study comprises an extensive narrative review of the existing literature on the earthquake-triggered infectious diseases recorded worldwide, along with their symptoms, causative pathogens, associated risk factors, most vulnerable population groups, and prevention strategies. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and vector-borne diseases, as well as wound and skin infections, are mainly recorded among the earthquake-affected population. Measures for effectively preventing earthquake-triggered infectious diseases are also proposed. One of the widely proposed measures is the establishment of a proper disease surveillance system in order to immediately and effectively identify the pre- and post-disaster occurrence of infectious diseases. This approach significantly contributes to disease trends monitoring, validation of early warning, and support of the emergency response and recovery actions.

/pdf/the-impact-of-earthquakes-on-public-health-a-narrative-2502ai7f.pdf

The Impact of Earthquakes on Public Health: A Narrative Review of Infectious Diseases in the Post-Disaster Period Aiming to Disaster Risk Reduction

Background
Few guidelines exist for the initial management of wounds in disaster settings. As wounds sustained are often contaminated, there is a high risk of further complications from infection, both local and systemic. Healthcare workers with little to no surgical training often provide early wound care, and where resources and facilities are also often limited, and clear appropriate guidance is needed for early wound management.

/pdf/wound-management-in-disaster-settings-2u6if7f4d3.pdf

Wound Management in Disaster Settings

see also Surgical site infection in spine surgery see also Surgical site infection in cranioplasty. A surgical site infection is an infection that occurs after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. Surgical site infections pose a significant problem in the treatment of neurosurgical procedures, regardless of the application of perioperative prophylaxis with systemic antibiotics. The infection rate in these procedures ranges from less than 1% to above 15%. Neurosurgical wound infections are the most common and serious complications resulting in increased rates of morbidity and mortality . Active outpatient follow-up is not necessary and monitoring of inpatients and readmissions is enough for a cranial neurosurgical SSI programme . Epidemiology Several studies had been reported lower incidence of neurosurgical wound infection 3) . The neurosurgical wound infection rate is usually low even in developing countries and remains within the accepted rate .

整形外科骨折手術後のSurgical Site Infection(SSI)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for the majority of non-melanoma-type skin cancers. BCC is slow-growing and locally aggressive but rarely metastasizes.Although scarce, important consequences of untreated or recurrent BCC of the scalp are direct invasion into the skull, meninges, and/or brain. We describe a case of an adult male with a past medical history of basal cell nevus syndrome presenting with a BCC of the scalp complicated by intracranial extension. His critical condition resulted in complications including meningitis, seizures, and hypercoagulability, which ultimately resulted in the patient's death. This case reinforces the importance of routine follow-up as well as timely and aggressive treatment of skin cancer to prevent rare but severe systemic complications and neurologic sequelae.

Neurocritical Complications of Basal Cell Carcinoma With Intracranial Invasion

Depremler, altyapıya, ekonomilere ve insan yaşamına önemli zararlar veren en yıkıcı ve öngörülemeyen doğal afetlerden biridir.Acil fiziksel hasar ve yaşam kaybının yanı sıra halk sağlığı üzerinde ciddi ve kalıcı sonuçları da olabilir.Depremler enfeksiyon ve bulaşıcı hastalık salgınlarının ortaya çıkmasına elverişli koşullar yaratabilir.Depremden etkilenen bölgelerde yetersiz tıbbi bakım, personel, cerrahi ekipman ve antibiyotikler, müteakip yağış ve yüksek sıcaklık nedeniyle yara enfeksiyonlarının insidansı yüksektir 

Deprem yaralanmalarında enfeksiyon yönetimi

AIM To explore the causes of scalp wound infection, pathogen distribution, characteristics of antimicrobial susceptibility and therapeutic measures following craniocerebral trauma caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. MATERIAL and METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the microbiology records of patients admitted with craniocerebral trauma to the Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Scalp wound infections following craniocerebral trauma were caused by the Wenchuan earthquake. RESULTS A total of 82 patients suffered from scalp trauma in this study, including 52.4% cases (43/82) with wound infections, mostly accompanied by severe foreign body contamination, for which the time of first debridement was significantly delayed. There were 59 strains of infectious pathogenic bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common organisms found (64.4%), including strains of Staphylococcus aureus (26/59, 44.1%) and strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis (12/59, 20.3%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 35.6% of samples: 22.0% (13/59) were strains of Enterobacter cloacae; 5.1% (3/59) were strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae; and 8.5% (5/59) were strains of Serratia rubidaea. CONCLUSION The rate of scalp wound infections following earthquake-induced craniocerebral trauma, which was dominated by Grampositive Staphylococcus aureus infection, has been markedly elevated in recent years. Early debridement and suturing, nutritional support and application of sensitive antibiotics can augment the therapeutic effect.

/pdf/analysis-of-scalp-wound-infections-among-craniocerebral-3yx4zj6cte.pdf

Analysis of scalp wound infections among craniocerebral trauma patients following the 2008 wenchuan earthquake.

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Analysis of scalp wound infections among craniocerebral trauma patients following the 2008 wenchuan earthquake.