This paper firstly combines the Burton-Miller-type singular boundary method (BMSBM) with the Loop subdivision surfaces (LSS) for the acoustic simulation of 3D complicated structures. As a modern modeling technique, the LSS provides a flexible and simple means to represent model surfaces by controlling meshes and subdivision rules. Thus, it can achieve arbitrary topology and multi-resolution structures. As a semi-analytical and boundary-type meshless technique, the BMSBM using the fundamental solutions is simple, accurate, and straightforward for solving acoustic radiation and scattering problems. The new approach constructs a geometry model using a subdivision scheme, and therefore can create a multi-resolution hierarchical model meeting various accuracy requirements without a repetitive meshing procedure. The proposed method effectively breaks through the technical bottleneck that the BMSBM makes it difficult to collate boundary nodes of complex structures and achieves a seamless integration between CAD and CAE. The numerical results of three examples demonstrated the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method for acoustic simulation. The present study provides an innovative idea for the subsequent optimization of materials and shapes of acoustic structures, which has the potential to enhance precision and efficiency significantly. 

Acoustic simulation using singular boundary method based on loop subdivision surfaces: A seamless integration of CAD and CAE

This paper proposes an effective analytical method for dynamic deformation monitoring of cantilever beams by combining piezoelectric ceramic sensors and modal analysis theory. The dynamic equation of beam with piezoelectric sensors is established using the assumed mode method, and the dynamic responses of the system are obtained. By analyzing the computational process inversely, the conversion matrix between sensor response and structural deformation is derived. The reconstruction equation for dynamic strain distribution of structure is obtained. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are confirmed by comparing with the finite element method. Experiments based on this reconstruction method are designed to monitor dynamic deformation of a cantilever beam in bluff body wake in real-time. The obtained experimental results demonstrate high monitoring precision of the proposed method. This technological approach has the advantages of minimal sensor usage, cost-effectiveness, online monitoring, and potential for application in dynamic deformation monitoring of engineering structures. 

Dynamic deformation monitoring of cantilever beams using piezoelectric sensors: Theory and experiment

Array Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) as the novel generation airborne remote sensing system is installed below the wing, has received more attention because it can realize all-weather three-dimensional (3-D) imaging. Its high-precision imaging needs to measure large deformation of wing accurately. The exiting methods based on Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors ignore the effects of wing initial state, which will generate non-negligible non-linear measurement error. To solve this problem, a high-precision large deformation measurement method of array SAR based on FBG strain monitoring and initial state reconstruction is proposed. Firstly, initial angle reconstruction approach is presented to obtain initial state. Then, bending strain measurement method is used to obtain continuous strain. Finally, large deformation model based on initial angle and bending strain is established to achieve large deformation. Experimental results indicate proposed method can effectively measure large deformation, and can acquire the higher displacement accuracy compared to traditional method. 

High-Precision large deformation measurement of array SAR based on FBG strain monitoring and initial state reconstruction

In this paper, the dynamic response of a Euler–Bernoulli beam subjected to transverse harmonic forces is calculated. The method of separation of variables combined with the mode shape superposition method, which includes the determination of eigenvalues, is used to define the velocity field of the beam surface. The Rayleigh integral was used to calculate the sound radiation and the beam was placed in an infinite baffle. Additional actuators are introduced in order to minimize the sound radiation, or, more specifically, the total sound power level of the vibrating beam, and their optimal position and force amplitude are determined; the conclusions were drawn from the optimization results. This paper proposes a method for faster determination of the optimal actuator parameters in order to achieve the minimum total sound power level. The validity of the obtained results is demonstrated with examples, whose solutions are compared to the results in the published literature.

/pdf/acoustic-radiation-of-a-beam-subjected-to-transverse-load-3obb9lpo.pdf

Acoustic Radiation of a Beam Subjected to Transverse Load

This study presents a novel coupled meshless model for simulating acoustic wave propagation in heterogeneous media, based on the singular boundary method (SBM) and Kansa’s method (KS). In the proposed approach, the SBM was used to model the homogeneous part of the propagation domain, while KS was employed to model a heterogeneity. The interface compatibility conditions associated with velocities and pressures were imposed to couple the two methods. The proposed SBM–KS coupled approach combines the respective advantages of the SBM and KS. The SBM is especially suitable for solving external sound field problems, while KS is attractive for nonlinear problems in bounded non-homogeneous media. Moreover, the new methodology completely avoids grid generation and numerical integration compared with the finite element method and boundary element method. Numerical experiments verified the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

/pdf/a-novel-coupled-meshless-model-for-simulation-of-acoustic-3dr90alb.pdf

A Novel Coupled Meshless Model for Simulation of Acoustic Wave Propagation in Infinite Domain Containing Multiple Heterogeneous Media

This paper proposes a fast meshless scheme for acoustic sensitivity analysis by using the Burton–Miller-type singular boundary method (BM-SBM) and recursive skeletonization factorization (RSF). The Burton–Miller formulation was adopted to circumvent the fictitious frequency that occurs in external acoustic analysis, and then the direct differentiation method was used to obtain the sensitivity of sound pressure to design variables. More importantly, RSF was employed to solve the resultant linear system obtained by the BM-SBM. RSF is a fast direct factorization technique based on multilevel matrix compression, which allows fast factorization and application of the inverse in solving dense matrices. Firstly, the BM-SBM is a boundary-type collocation method that is a straightforward and accurate scheme owing to the use of the fundamental solution. Secondly, the introduction of the fast solver can effectively reduce the requirement of computer memory and increase the calculation scale compared to the conventional BM-SBM. Three numerical examples including two- and three-dimensional geometries indicate the precision and efficiency of the proposed fast numerical technique for acoustic design sensitivity analysis associated with large-scale and complicated structures.

/pdf/a-fast-singular-boundary-method-for-the-acoustic-design-3m5b3v81.pdf

A Fast Singular Boundary Method for the Acoustic Design Sensitivity Analysis of Arbitrary Two- and Three-Dimensional Structures

Three-dimensional Large Deformation Reconstruction for Slender Wing-like Structures from Strain Measurements

Large flexible aircraft like High-altitude Long-endurance (HALE) airplane and large transport airplane possess large structural deformation with aerodynamic loads, which makes the dynamic characteristics changing obviously. Structural deformation predictions are vital to large flexible aircraft design and aeroelastic simulations. Deformation calculation considering geometric nonlinearities with full order models lack of practicality due to low simulation efficiency. Traditional reduced-order model (ROM) based on least square approach obtains high simulation efficiency but require large amounts of sample data participating model building. This study investigates support vector regression (SVR) algorithm to build prediction model to calculate the static deformation of flexible structure considering geometric nonlinearities. Performance of the prediction models are compared under evaluation with root mean square error (RMSE). Moreover, the prediction model can be coupled with aerodynamics models based on interpolation approach for static aeroelastic analysis. The non-planar vortex lattice method (VLM) is proposed here with appropriate accuracy and efficiency. Finally, a flexible wing model with single beam is adopted and the static aeroelastic response is compared between prediction model and wind tunnel test. The results demonstrate that the prediction model proposed has good performance and great practical application value.

Large Deformation Prediction of Wing Model and Geometric Nonlinear Aeroelastic Analysis

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Papers

A Fast Singular Boundary Method for the Acoustic Design Sensitivity Analysis of Arbitrary Two- and Three-Dimensional Structures

Three-dimensional Large Deformation Reconstruction for Slender Wing-like Structures from Strain Measurements

Large Deformation Prediction of Wing Model and Geometric Nonlinear Aeroelastic Analysis