Respiratory syncytial virus.

Evaluation in chimpanzees of vaccinia virus recombinants that express the surface glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus.

More than 75% of a random sample of adult human sera exhibited moderate to high murine pneumonia virus (PVM)-neutralizing activity. There was no correlation between PVM-neutralizing activity and respiratory syncytial virus or parainfluenza type 3 virus-neutralizing activities of the same sera. In children the proportion of sera with moderate to high titres increased with age, indicating early exposure to infection. Seroconversion (i.e. greater than fourfold increase in titre) was observed in four of 108 paired samples of previously undiagnosed respiratory infections. These observations suggest that the human population is frequently exposed to infection with PVM or an antigenically related virus. The sera of patients suffering from Paget's disease of bone tended to exhibit higher than normal PVM-neutralizing titres in comparison with the sera of patients with other bone diseases. Thus, PVM (or an antigenically related virus) resembles some other parainfluenza viruses in being circumstantially associated with Paget's disease of bone.

Murine pneumonia virus: seroepidemiological evidence of widespread human infection.

A serological survey was conducted in an attempt to detect antibodies against bovine respiratory viruses in sheep and goats from seven geographical areas of Quebec. Sera from 10% of the animals in 182 sheep flocks and 40 goat flocks were collected and specific antibodies against parainfluenza-3, reovirus type 3, respiratory syncytial and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses were detected by hemagglutination-inhibition tests for the former viruses and complement fixation and seroneutralization assays for the latter viruses. Results showed prevalence rates of serological reaction to parainfluenza-3, reovirus type 3 and respiratory syncytial viruses of 28, 72 and 35% in sheep and 26, 64 and 36% in goats, respectively. No antibodies in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus were detected in sheep or goats tested. Prevalence rates varied according to the geographical area. No relationships were detected between age, sex, breed, size of flock and prevalence rates of different antibodies except that parainfluenza-3 antibodies were more common in large goat flocks and in sheep flocks with total confinement housing. A relationship between presence of clinical signs in the flocks and prevalence rates of antibodies was only demonstrated for parainfluenza-3 infection in goat flocks.

Epizootiological survey of parainfluenza-3, reovirus-3, respiratory syncytial and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral antibodies in sheep and goat flocks in Quebec.

Sixteen adult sheep (ten females, six males obtained from a closed flock at National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA) were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus strain 375 (BRSV), and lung tissues were stained for viral antigen. Two infected sheep were euthanatized at each of the following post-inoculation times: 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 144, and 192 hours. Lung, nasal turbinates, trachea, right cranial bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, and spleen were collected for histologic evaluation. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was performed on routine paraffin-embedded sections of lung tissue, trachea, turbinates, and bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes to determine the location of the BRSV antigen. For lung tissue from each sheep 400 light microscopic fields at 160x magnification were examined for staining for BRSV antigen. Lung tissue was also collected for virus and bacterial isolation. Daily serum samples were taken for determination of anti-BRSV titers. Severe respiratory disease was not produced in any sheep. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus was isolated from lung tissue collected from all sheep up through 144 hours post-inoculation. At 12 hours post-inoculation (case No. 2) respiratory syncytial virus antigen was detected in bronchiolar epithelium and a mononuclear cell within an alveolar space. Lung tissue from the sheep necropsied between 24 and 144 hours post-inoculation (case Nos. 3-14) contained BRSV antigen in bronchiolar epithelium, type I pneumocytes, type II pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages, and mononuclear cells within alveolar spaces. Macrophages staining for viral antigen were rare. Bronchiolar and type I epithelial cells comprised the majority of infected cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

/pdf/infected-cell-types-in-ovine-lung-following-exposure-to-3mcyfucw6h.pdf

Infected Cell Types in Ovine Lung Following Exposure to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in nonhuman primates and domestic animals.

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Respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in nonhuman primates and domestic animals.