다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

The stability of two-dimensional (2D) layers and membranes is subject of a long standing theoretical debate. According to the so called Mermin-Wagner theorem, long wavelength fluctuations destroy the long-range order for 2D crystals. Similarly, 2D membranes embedded in a 3D space have a tendency to be crumpled. These dangerous fluctuations can, however, be suppressed by anharmonic coupling between bending and stretching modes making that a two-dimensional membrane can exist but should present strong height fluctuations. The discovery of graphene, the first truly 2D crystal and the recent experimental observation of ripples in freely hanging graphene makes these issues especially important. Beside the academic interest, understanding the mechanisms of stability of graphene is crucial for understanding electronic transport in this material that is attracting so much interest for its unusual Dirac spectrum and electronic properties. Here we address the nature of these height fluctuations by means of straightforward atomistic Monte Carlo simulations based on a very accurate many-body interatomic potential for carbon. We find that ripples spontaneously appear due to thermal fluctuations with a size distribution peaked around 70 \AA which is compatible with experimental findings (50-100 \AA) but not with the current understanding of stability of flexible membranes. This unexpected result seems to be due to the multiplicity of chemical bonding in carbon.

Intrinsic ripples in graphene

The development of porous three-dimensional (3D) monoliths from natural materials for a wide spectrum of thermal insulation, energy storage and tissue engineering applications has recently gained tremendous interest. However, the lack of 3D structural customization and shape fidelity of monoliths limited their effectiveness in meeting a variety of practical uses. Herein, the material extrusion-based 3D printing technology is used to manufacture a variety of 3D customized monoliths with high shape fidelity that are useful for thermal insulation and energy storage applications. By using sustainable wood-derived cellulose nanofiber (CNF) gels as inks, the 3D printability and shape fidelity are systematically optimized by tailoring the concentration-dependent rheological properties as well as the printing parameters. Benefitted from the high fidelity and self-supporting features, the optimized 3D printed CNF monoliths can be further transformed into porous CNF scaffolds with highly-retained 3D shape using a well-established freeze-drying technique without the use of any specific container. The as-prepared CNF scaffold has porous structure, superior mechanical properties, and low thermal conductivity, demonstrating well heat insulation properties. Furthermore, the porous CNF scaffold can be used as a platform for the in-situ polymerization of aniline (ANi). The resultant CNF-PANi scaffold has a conductivity of 0.334 S•cm−1, and delivers a high capacitance of 107.9 mF·cm−2 (@0.2 mA·cm−2) as a binder-free electrode in supercapacitors. This work provides some guidance for 3D printing of customizable monoliths from sustainable materials by tuning the rheological properties and printing parameters for thermal insulation and energy storage applications. 

3D Printing of Cellulose Nanofiber Monoliths for Thermal Insulation and Energy Storage Applications

Processing Hydrophilic Poplar Wood into Durably Superhydrophobic Materials with High Stability and Self-Cleaning Properties

A Janus Membrane with Asymmetrical Proton Transport for Cross-Communication Harmony for an Extreme Lean Electrolyte Zn–V Battery

Graphene has received tremendous research interest as a reinforcing filler to enhance the properties of the polymer matrix, due to its excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Vulcanized rubber products have been applied in various fields for more than 100 years, due to their high elasticity, good biological compatibility, chemical resistance, and long-time use stability, etc. It is well known that before vulcanization and application, additives like reinforcing filler, lubricant, coupling agent, and accelerating agent, are necessary to be mixed with the raw rubber to give the rubber certain properties. Specifically, the rubber materials cannot exhibit promising mechanical properties without the introduction of the reinforcing filler, such as carbon black and fumed silica. Compared with these nanoparticles, graphene can reinforce the rubber properties with by incorporating a very small amount, due to its superior properties to carbon black and silica. In recent years, many researchers have focused on the functionalization method of the graphene, physically or chemically, to enhance the dispersion of the graphene in rubber matrix, and the interfacial interactions between graphene and rubber. This chapter reviews recent advances in the functionalization approaches conducted with graphene and the fabrication of functional graphene-based rubber composites.

Wet Functionalization of Graphene and Its Applications in Rubber Composites

Both medium density fiberboard (MDF) and oriented strand board (OSB) are increasingly used in construction, yet when exposed, water sorption can cause internal structural changes, as such decreasing mechanical strength and increasing decay risk. It is, therefore, essential to understand the interaction between structural changes and water sorption of MDF and OSB. Detailed water sorption behavior and related structural changes in two types of MDF and two types of OSB were periodically monitored using a gantry-based X-ray CT scanner. Water sorption causes local swelling in MDF, resulting in reduced swelling or even shrinkage in neighboring regions. Then again, local shrinkage can increase water resistance and possibly decrease water content locally. Obviously, local swelling results in structural changes. Such structural changes predominantly seem to appear in the transition area between high and low porosity regions. Structural changes, such as glue bonding detachment and cracking, could facilitate water intake in both MDF and OSB. For the studied T-MDF and OSB-A, the relative position of wood fibers/strands and the volume of the voids hardly changed during water sorption, which probably contributes to the decrease in water sorption along newly formed cracks and voids induced by structural changes.

Investigating the interaction between internal structural changes and water sorption of MDF and OSB using X-ray computed tomography

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