The porous carbon (CKC-X-Y, CKC is the corn kernel-derived carbon; X is the activation temperature; and Y is the KOH/CKC mass ratio (2, 3, 4, and 5)) adsorbents were prepared from corn kernels by the KOH activation method. Textural property and oxygen functional group amount of the CKC-X-Y sample were influenced by the activator amount and activation temperature. Among the CKC-X-Y samples, the CKC-900−3 sample displayed the highest surface area (1943 m2/g) and the largest pore volume (1.10 cm3/g), whereas the CKC-900-4 sample possessed the highest amount (45.5 %) of oxygen functional groups. The CKC-900-4 sample exhibited the largest CO2 adsorption capacity (3.63 mmol/g at 25 °C) among all of the CKC-X-Y samples. The results indicate that the activated corn-derived porous biochar with a high surface area and a high oxygen functional groups amount possessed a large CO2 uptake. In addition, the CKC-X-Y samples showed high CO2/N2 selectivity, good recyclability, and easy regeneration behavior. The adsorption of CO2 was physically and chemically adsorbed on the surface of the CKC-X-Y samples, with the physical adsorption being dominant. In which CO2 was mainly chemically adsorbed on the samples with hydroxyl groups.

Highly efficient CO2 adsorption of corn kernel-derived porous carbon with abundant oxygen functional groups

Recently, because of the rising population, carbon overloading, and environmental distress, human beings have needed to increase awareness and responsibility for the reduction of agricultural waste. The utilization of agricultural waste as a filler material in reinforced polymers is a fascinating discovery. This review paper attempts to study the physical, mechanical, and thermal behavior of rice husk (RH) as a fiber for reinforcing various synthetic polymers, based on recent studies, conducted between 2017 and 2021. It also highlights that advanced modification techniques could further improve the performance of composites by tailoring the physical and chemical substances of the fiber or matrix. The thermal properties, including flame-retardance and thermal behavior, are also discussed. The characteristics of the fiber–matrix interaction between RH and the polymer matrix provide essential insights into the future-ready applications of this agricultural waste fiber. The way forward in researching RH polymer composites is finally reviewed.

/pdf/recent-progress-of-rice-husk-reinforced-polymer-composites-a-j2gao8ag36.pdf

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are three-dimensional network structures synthesized by the assembly of organic ligands with metal ions or clusters. They currently constitute one of the most promising adsorbent categories for CO2 capture given their high specific surface area and porosity, chemical versatility, and facile chemistry supporting strategic structural modifications. Indeed, many thousands of MOFs are referenced in various structural databases. Within this wide family of materials, many experience certain challenges, which often limit their use for practical applications, including their relatively poor thermal and chemical stability, cyclability, and sensitivity to trace contaminants. One promising approach to address these drawbacks lies with the hybridization of MOFs with other material counterparts to design combinatorial hybrid adsorbents exhibiting superior performance and enhanced properties, benefiting from synergetic effects from each component and interfacial properties engineering. The purpose of this work is to critically review hybridized MOF adsorbents for CO2 capture, with a prime focus on the different opportunities offered by hybridizing materials and additives to MOFs. The engineering, properties, and performance of hybridized MOFs are systematically reviewed, and opportunities and challenges are discussed. This work provides key parameters of the application of hybridized MOF adsorbents and presents recommendations for further research, thereby providing a roadmap for the synthesis and usage of these types of adsorbents for practical CO2 capture applications. 

Metal-Organic Framework Hybrid Adsorbents for Carbon Capture – A Review

In recent decades, due to alarming increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, capturing carbon has gained an intense attention from researchers to address its adverse effect in terms of climate change. However, yet it is of utmost interest to come up with an optimum CO2 adsorbent that can substitute chemical adsorption for the future large-scale implication. In this paper, we describe the utilization of newly emerged two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial MXenes side-by-side with activated carbon (AC) in the form of sandwich and as well as in a nanocomposite (embedded) form to evaluate their CO2 adsorption performance using a fixed-bed adsorption column. Advanced characterization of the as produced adsorbents is conducted using XRD, FTIR, HRTEM with EDX and BET analysis to elucidate their surface morphology, functional groups, chemical compositions, and properties. In the adsorption column, CO2 breakthrough measurements were performed by a continuous CO2 concentration (15 %) with an inlet flow rate at 200 mL/min at different temperatures (25–55 °C). The highest CO2 adsorption capacity (∼8.9 mg/g) was achieved by AC/MXene sandwich adsorbent at 25 °C. This corresponds to ∼37 % improvement in CO2 adsorption capacity over AC. Importantly, AC/MXene sandwich offers an excellent regeneration performance with constant CO2 adsorption capacity in regenerative cycles. Finally, the novel work with an outstanding result opens a new window of implication of emerging nanomaterials for highly efficient media large-scale CO2 capture application. 

MXene based activated carbon novel nano-sandwich for efficient CO2 adsorption in fixed-bed column

The contribution of greenhouse gas and anthropogenic CO2 to climate change is an undeniably issue that needs urgent attention from the environmental point of view. Global warming, a consequence of continued CO2 emissions will gradually result in ecosystem disruption and drought. With the increasing problem of greenhouse gas (GHG) and the established environmentally unfriendly consequences associated with it, carbon capture and storage (CCS) was proposed as a measure to successfully reduce carbon footprints and a process of choice in proffering solutions to this challenge. To meet the Paris agreement's target of maintaining the global temperature rise below 2 °C necessitates the capture and removal of up to 20 Gt CO2 per annum by the end of the century. However, going by the current global CO2 capture and storage capacity of 0.0385 Gt CO2/annum (including the current direct air capture (DAC) capacity of 9,000 tons CO2/annum), it will take close to 21,000 years to achieve this set goal. Hence, the need to adopt sustainable low-temperature sorbent technology with efficient adsorption capabilities that will meet up with the bourgeoning operating cost and energy demand for DAC technology. In this review, sustainable and emerging adsorbent materials and technologies employed in carbon capture and storage were highlighted. Also, economic, and environmental benefits and public perception of carbon capture technology were enumerated. 

Adsorbent technologies and applications for carbon capture, and direct air capture in environmental perspective and sustainable climate action

Incorporation of rice-husk-ash (RHA), an agricultural waste, in situ during the synthesis of MIL-101(Cr) resulted in a significant improvement in the CO2 adsorption properties over the synthesized RHA-MIL-101(Cr). The newly synthesized RHA-MIL-101(Cr) composite exhibited an enhancement of 14-27% in CO2 adsorption capacity as compared to MIL-101(Cr) at 25 °C and 1 bar. The content of RHA incorporated in RHA-MIL-101(Cr) fine tuned the CO2 capture performance to achieve high working capacity (0.54 mmol g-1), high purity (78%), superior CO2/N2 selectivity (18) and low isosteric heat of adsorption (20-30 kJ mol-1). The observed superior CO2 adsorption performance of RHA-MIL-101(Cr) is attributed to the fine tuning of textural characteristics-enhancement of 12-27% in BET surface area, 12-33% in total pore volume and 18-30% in micropore volume-upon incorporation of RHA in MIL-101(Cr).

/pdf/in-situ-casting-of-rice-husk-ash-in-metal-organic-frameworks-55a3lobvd4.pdf

In situ casting of rice husk ash in metal organic frameworks induces enhanced CO2 capture performance.

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In situ casting of rice husk ash in metal organic frameworks induces enhanced CO2 capture performance.