Analysis of urinary VOCs using mass spectrometric methods to diagnose cancer: A review.

Non-invasive cancer detection using volatile biomarkers: Is urine superior to breath?

Simple Summary Liquid biopsy provides important information through the analysis of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour-derived material, such as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating miRNAs (cfmiRNAs) and extracellular vehicles (EVs). CTC analysis has already had an important impact on the prognosis, detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), treatment selection and monitoring of cancer patients. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest findings on the clinical significance of CTCs for the management of breast, prostate and non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Abstract Over the last decade, liquid biopsy has gained much attention as a powerful tool in personalized medicine since it enables monitoring cancer evolution and follow-up of cancer patients in real time. Through minimally invasive procedures, liquid biopsy provides important information through the analysis of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour-derived material, such as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating miRNAs (cfmiRNAs) and extracellular vehicles (EVs). CTC analysis has already had an important impact on the prognosis, detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), treatment selection and monitoring of cancer patients. Numerous clinical trials nowadays include a liquid biopsy arm. CTC analysis is now an exponentially expanding field in almost all types of solid cancers. Functional studies, mainly based on CTC-derived cell-lines and CTC-derived explants (CDx), provide important insights into the metastatic process. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest findings on the clinical significance of CTCs for the management of cancer patients, covering the last four years. This review focuses on providing a comprehensive overview of CTC analysis in breast, prostate and non-small-cell lung cancer. The unique potential of CTC single-cell analysis for understanding metastasis biology, and the importance of quality control and standardization of methodologies used in this field, is also discussed.

/pdf/detection-and-molecular-characterization-of-circulating-3ddin97w.pdf

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Circulating Tumour Cells: Challenges for the Clinical Setting

Enhanced device performance of Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite photodetector by SnO2/ZnO double electron transport layer

Prediction of the cadmium content in grains of low-accumulating wheat cultivars and soil cadmium threshold for safe production

Rare earth Nd-doping lead-free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 films with improved resistive memory performance

To date, there have been a limited number of useful biomarkers for the screening and monitoring of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL), which leads to the impetus to discover novel biomarkers for the disease. In the present study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with head-space solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) was employed to analyze the volatile metabolites in the urine samples of 131 subjects. The subjects were divided into 4 main groups: Aggressive B-NHL, indolent B-NHL, benign lymphatic diseases patients and healthy volunteers. The differences of the concentrations of the potential biomarkers among the groups were assessed by non-parametric Wilcoxon's test. The ability of the potential biomarkers to discriminate between the four aforementioned groups was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). The present study indicated that 4-heptanone, 2-methylpyrazine, 2-methylbutanal, 2,6-dimethyl-7-octen-2-ol and decanoic acid may serve as potential biomarkers for B-NHL. The area under the curve (AUC) values of single potential biomarker ranged from 0.634 to 0.901. The diagnostic models established with combined biomarkers exhibited higher diagnostic values (AUC, 0.824-0.968) compared with the models established with single biomarkers. The present study indicated that urinary volatile metabolites might be potential biomarkers for screening and monitoring of B-NHL.

/pdf/volatile-metabonomic-profiling-in-urine-to-detect-novel-36sw6vlu3a.pdf

Volatile metabonomic profiling in urine to detect novel biomarkers for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

A field trial was conducted to identify the key factors affecting intraspecific variation in the cadmium (Cd) content in the grain of winter wheat. Three wheat cultivars with low Cd accumulation and two wheat cultivars with high Cd accumulation were planted. The Cd accumulation and transport and ionomic traits were examined in different organs of the tested wheat cultivars. Additionally, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to identify the key plant organs, translocation pathways, and elements that determine the intraspecific variation in the Cd content in wheat grain. The results showed that the bioaccumulation factors of Cd in glume, rachis, internode 1, and node 1, as well as the transport factors of Cd from rachis to grain, from rachis to glume, from internode 1 to rachis, and from node 1 to internode 1, were significantly correlated with Cd bioaccumulation factors in grain. The above-mentioned bioaccumulation factors and transport factors of Cd made a great contribution to the principal components that could discriminate between the wheat cultivars with low and high Cd accumulation and were significantly different among cultivars. Therefore, glume, rachis, internode 1, and node 1 were the key organs affecting the genotype differences in Cd content in wheat grain, and Cd translocation from rachis to grain, from rachis to glume, from internode 1 to rachis, and from node 1 to internode 1 were the key pathways controlling the variety differences in Cd accumulation in wheat grain. The analysis of wheat ionome showed that the bioaccumulation factors of Mg and Mn in the key organs and the transport factors of Mo, Cr, and Pb in the key transport pathways were significantly correlated with the bioaccumulation factor of Cd in wheat grain and contributed greatly to the differentiation between the wheat cultivars with low and high Cd accumulation in the principal component analyses. Thus, in the above-mentioned key organs and transport pathways, Mg, Mn, Mo, Cr, and Pb were the key elements affecting the genotype differences in Cd content in wheat grain.

[Variations in Cadmium Accumulation and Transport and Ionomic Traits Among Different Winter Wheat Varieties].

Variation in Bioaccessibility of Cadmium and Lead in Wheat Genotypes and its Correlation with Nutrient Composition

Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious chronic microvascular complications of diabetes, and leads to the increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Gasdermin E (GSDME)-dependent pyroptosis signaling pathway plays important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, its role and mechanism in DN are still unclear. In this study, we established a rat DN model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) successfully. Structural and functional disorders in the kidney were exhibited on the 12th week after STZ injection; the expressions of caspase-3 and GSDME at protein level in renal cortex were significantly up-regulated. At the 20th week, GSDME-N increased significantly, accompanied by the upregulation of caspase-1 in renal cortex and the release of mature IL-1β (mIL-1β) in serum. Furthermore, we found the protein levels of GSDME, caspase-3, caspase-1 and IL-1β were all increased in HK2 and HBZY-1 cells under high-glucose conditions. We also found that the expression of GSDME-N significantly decreased when caspase-3 was knockdown. In contrast, knockdown of GSDME has no effect on caspase-3. Interestingly, either caspase-3, caspase-1 or GSDME knockdown reduced the release of mIL-1β. Finally, injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9-shGSDME into the rat kidney reduced kidney damage and renal cell pyroptosis in comparison with wild-type diabetic rats. These results indicated that the activation of caspase-1 induced IL-1β maturation, and the activation of caspase-3 mediated cleavage of GSDME responsible for the formation of plasma membrane pore, followed by cytoplasmic release of mIL-1β. Overall, we identified a pro-pyroptosis role for GSDME in DN, which does provide an important basis for clinical therapeutic studies. 

/pdf/gsdme-dependent-pyroptosis-signaling-pathway-in-diabetic-12cpdzvt.pdf

GSDME-dependent pyroptosis signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy

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