http://oar.icrisat.org/7223/7/Haris_etal_Rainfed_post-print_2013.pdf

Is rainfed agriculture really a pathway from poverty

Soil Properties, Crop Yield, and Economics Under Integrated Crop Management Practices in Karnataka, Southern India

-1 (T 1), foliar application of KNO 3 @ 0.5% solution (T 2), foliar application of KNO 3 @1% solution (T 3), foliar application of KNO 3 @ 1.5% solution (T 4) and foliar application of KNO 3 @ 2% solution (T 5). Foliar KNO 3 application @ 1.5% and 2% solutions increased paddy yield by 5.74% (4.97 t ha -1 ) and 10.85% (5.27 t ha -1 ) against that of soil incorporated K 2SO 4 (4.7 t ha -1 ). Significant increase in number of tillers (m -2 ), thousand grain weight, biological and paddy yield was recorded with foliar KNO 3 @ 1.5% and 2% over soil applied K 2SO 4; however, non-significant differences were found on plant height, panicle length, and grains panicle -1 . Foliar KNO 3 @ 1.5% and 2% solutions resulted in net returns of Rs. 14,828 and Rs. 23,804 ha -1 , respectively.

/pdf/comparative-rice-yield-and-economic-advantage-of-foliar-kno3-203qxxguo4.pdf

Comparative rice yield and economic advantage of foliar KNO3 over soil applied K2SO4.

pdf/influence-of-foliar-nutrition-on-growth-and-yield-of-343eabf144.pdf

Influence of foliar nutrition on growth and yield of transplanted rice.

Improving Productivity and increasing farmer income through reducing the production inputs is the main challenge for rice grower. A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt in order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of  NPK at  different growth stages on  productivity and nutrients uptake by rice variety Sakha108 under transplanting condition during the summer season of the years 2017 and 2018. Urea (46.5% N), super phosphate (15% P2O5), potassium sulphate (50% K2O) and complex water soluble fertilizer NPK (28:28:28) were used as the nutrient sources for the experimental treatments. The treatments were as follow: T1 = Recommended urea, super phosphate, potassium sulphate (control), T2 = 2/3 NPK urea, super phosphate, potassium sulphate as basal + foliar spray of NPK (28:28:28), 2.5 kg ha-1  at mid tillering MT., T3 = 2/3 NPK urea, super phosphate, potassium sulphate as basal + Foliar spray of NPK (28:28:28) 2.5 kg ha-1  at panicle initiation PI., T4 = 2/3 NPK urea, super phosphate, potassium sulphate as basal + Foliar spray of NPk (28 :28 :28 ) 2.5 kg ha-1 at flowering FL., T5 = 2/3 NPK urea, super phosphate, potassium sulphate as basal + Foliar spray of NPK (28:28:28) 2.5 kg ha-1  at MT+ PI., T6= 2/3 NPK urea, super phosphate, potassium sulphate as basal + Foliar spray of NPK (28:28:28) 2.5 kg ha-1 at MT + FL., T7= 2/3 NPK urea, super phosphate, potassium sulphate as basal + Foliar spray of NPK (28:28:28) 2.5 kg ha-1 at PI + FL. and T8= 2/3 NPK urea, super phosphate, potassium sulphate as basal + Foliar spray of NPK (28:28:28) 2.5 kg ha-1 at MT + PI + FL. The data was recorded for the following characteristics: chlorophyll content (SPAD value), flowering date (day), plant height (cm), number of panicles m-2, panicle length (cm), panicle weight (g), 1000-grain weight (g), number of filled grains panicle-1, number of unfilled grains panicle-1, grain yield (t ha-1), straw yield (t ha-1), harvest index (HI), and N.P,K uptake (kg ha-1). The NPK treatments had a significant effect on all studied characteristics in both seasons. T5 and T8 recorded the highest values of most studied characteristics in both seasons. Gross return and net returns were highest with T8= 2/3 NPK urea, super phosphate, potassium sulphate as basal + Foliar spray of NPK (28:28:28) 2.5 kg ha-1 at MT + PI + FL, followed by T5 = 2/3 NPK urea, super phosphate, potassium sulphate as basal + Foliar spray of NPK (28:28:28) 2.5 kg ha-1  at MT+ PI. compared to other treatments .

https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_48291_9e6063e97aa7d5052546cc5569a1ac2f.pdf

Studies on the Effect of Foliar Fertilizer Application in Combination with Conventional Fertilizers on Rice Production

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2005 and 2006 at Baruipur to evaluate the effect of foliar nutrition of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2 on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Gangetic alluvial land. Foliar application of 0.406% Ca(NO3)2 followed by 0.50% KNO3 during 50% flowering stage increased the growth parameters and yield attributes which ultimately resulted in higher grain yield than foliar spray of 0.25 and 1.00% KNO3 and 0.203 and 0.812% Ca(NO3)2 and water spray. Foliar spray of 0.406% Ca(NO3)2 resulted in maximum grain yield (5.47 t/ha), net returns (Rs 14,733/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.38). Hence foliar spray of 0.406% Ca(NO3)2 should be practised to obtain maximum grain yield and net monetary returns from rainfed lowland rice in West Bengal.

Effect of foliar application of potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate on performance of rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa)

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Effect of foliar application of potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate on performance of rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa)