Periodontal disease is one of the most common conditions affecting companion dogs. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were: to determine 1) the agreement between visual assessments (VA) of periodontal disease (PD) performed on awake dogs and the reference standard (RS) of a dental examination and radiographs performed with the dog under general anesthesia, and 2) inter-rater reliability (IRR) for two individuals performing VAs of PD on the same dogs. One hundred and eight dogs were recruited from three veterinary practices. An oral examination and visual PD staging based on the American Veterinary Dental College's (AVDC) 5-point scale was performed by the investigators prior to general anesthesia and the dental procedure. After the anesthetic evaluation and radiographs, the attending veterinarian staged each dog based on the AVDC's 5-point scale. Agreement between the VA and RS as well as IRR were determined using percent agreement and a weighted kappa statistic. Eighty-nine dogs received a complete oral examination under general anesthesia with periodontal probing and full-mouth radiographs. Fifty-nine dogs received a VA by both raters. VA agreed with the RS 41.57% of the time with a weighted kappa of 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.29-0.55), indicating moderate agreement. Between raters, VA agreed 61.02% of the time with a weighted kappa of 0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.49-0.76), indicating substantial IRR. The results of this study reinforce the idea that an oral examination in an awake dog can be a helpful screening tool, but should not be considered a comprehensive evaluation of periodontal health. In facilities housing large numbers of dogs such as shelters, breeding kennels, and research facilities, use of a VA can aid in identifying and prioritizing dogs most in need of procedures such as professional cleaning, periodontal treatment, including closed root planing, or surgical care.

/pdf/evaluating-the-validity-and-reliability-of-a-visual-dental-368p5xsbqe.pdf

Evaluating the validity and reliability of a visual dental scale for detection of periodontal disease (PD) in non-anesthetized dogs (Canis familiaris).

Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Dental Practice Figure 1—Intraoral photograph of the left parotid papilla of a 10-year-old 7-kg (15.4-lb) Chihuahua cross that was evaluated because of recurrent left-sided facial swelling and purulent discharge from the oral cavity. The papilla was slightly erythematous and more prominent than that on the right side. In cooperation with Figure 2—Ultrasonographic (A) and contrast-enhanced CT (B) images obtained from the same dog as in Figure 1. The ultrasonographic im- age (parasagittal view) was obtained over the region of facial swelling by use of a ven- tral approach with the animal in dorsal recumbency. The transverse CT image of the skull (slice thickness, 0.6 mm) was obtained at the level of the first maxillary molar teeth and viewed with bone (win- dow width, 2,500 Hounsfield units [HU]; window level, 480 HU) and soft tissue (window width, 750 HU; window level, 200 HU) window settings. L = Left. R = Right. History and Physical Examination Findings A 10-year-old 7-kg (15.4-lb) spayed female Chihuahua cross was referred to a veterinary teaching hospital because of recurrent left-sided facial swelling and purulent discharge from the oral cavity. The client had noticed an increase in lip smacking and licking approximately 6 months prior to the evaluation. Facial swelling and signs of pain on palpation had first been detected 10 weeks prior to the examination; the dog had been treated by the referring veterinarian for a suspected tooth root abscess or abscess secondary to a foreign body. An antimicrobial (amoxicillin trihydrate–clavulanate potassium; 18 mg/kg [8.2 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h for 14 days) and an NSAID (carprofen; 1.8 mg/kg [0.82 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h for 7 days) had been prescribed. Clinical signs had improved over the course of initial treatment but relapsed following cessation of the treatment. The referring veterinarian anesthetized the dog, obtained intraoral dental radiographs, and performed periodontal charting. Mild to moderate localized periodontitis was diagnosed with no evidence of a dentoal- veolar abscess or dental cause for the facial swelling. On examination at the referral visit, the dog was bright, alert, and responsive with no abnormalities found on general physical examination other than a fluctuating soft tissue swelling in the region over the left masseter muscle. Intraoral ex- amination revealed a prominent, erythematous left parotid papilla (Figure 1), concurrent sialorrhea upon digital manipu- lation of the ipsilateral parotid gland, hypodontia, and mild generalized plaque and calculus accumulation. Blood and urine samples were obtained for a CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis. Laboratory test results were unremarkable. The dog was sedated with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (3.0 mg/kg [1.36 µg/lb], IV) and butorphanol tartrate (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], IV), and ultrasonographic evaluation of the swollen facial region was performed; the follow- ing day, the dog was anesthetized, and contiguous transverse collimated CT images of the skull were obtained at a slice thickness of 0.6 mm before and after IV contrast medium administration (Figure 2). The images were viewed with bone (window width, 2,500 Hounsfield units [HU]; window level, 480 HU) and soft tissue (window width, 750 HU; window level, 200 HU) settings. Three-dimensional volume rendering was performed, and all digital images were reviewed on a medical-grade flat screen monitor, by use of commercially available software. a Determine whether additional studies are required, or make your diagnosis, then turn the page→ This report was submitted by Peter C. Strom, DVM; Daniel S. Bucy, DVM; and Boaz Arzi, DVM; from the Dentistry and Oral Surgery Service, William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Strom, Bucy), and the Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (Arzi), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616. Address correspondence to Dr. Arzi (barzi@ucdavis.edu). JAVMA • Vol 249 • No. 12 • December 15, 2016

/pdf/diagnostic-imaging-in-veterinary-dental-practice-3yecmchq7n.pdf

Diagnostic imaging in veterinary dental practice

Ferrets have increased in popularity as pets, and a growing number are seen in companion animal practice. Domestic ferrets are commonly used as animal models for research of human oral conditions. The present study evaluated the prevalence of oral pathology in rescued ferrets which – to the authors' knowledge – has not yet been described in the scientific literature. Conscious oral examination was performed on 63 ferrets, of which 49 underwent general anesthesia for further examination. The most common clinical findings included malocclusion of mandibular second incisor teeth (95.2 %); extrusion of canine teeth (93.7 %); and abrasion and attrition of teeth (76.2 %). Tooth fractures were exclusively associated with canine teeth and found in 31.7 % of ferrets. Pulp exposure was confirmed in 60.0 % of fractured teeth. The normal gingival sulcus depth measured < 0.5-mm in 87.8 % of anesthetized ferrets. Clinical evidence of periodontal disease was present in 65.3 % of anesthetized ferrets (gingivitis or probi...

Oral Examination Results in Rescued Ferrets: Clinical Findings

It has been shown that the prevalence of both clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥1 mm and pocket probing depth (PPD) ≥4 mm is relatively high even in younger dogs, but also that only a minority of the dogs have such clinical signs of periodontal disease (PD) in more than a few teeth. Hence, a minority of dogs carry the major PD burden. These epidemiological features suggest that screening for PD in larger groups of dogs, allowing for rapid assessment of treatment planning, or for the selection of dogs with or without PD prior to be included in experimental trials, should be possible. CAL is the central variable in assessing PD extent and severity while PPD is the central variable used in treatment planning which make these two variables obvious in a screening protocol with the dual aim of disease identification and treatment planning. The main purpose of the present study in 98 laboratory Beagle dogs was to construct a fast, simple and accurate screening tool, which is highly sensitive for the identification of dogs with PD. Examination of the maxillary P4, P3, P2, I1 and C would, in this population, result in the identification of 85.5% of all dogs and 96% of all teeth positive for CAL ≥1 mm, and 58.9% of all dogs and 82.1% of all teeth positive for PD ≥4 mm. Examination of tooth pairs, all C’s, maxillary I2, M2 and the mandibular P4 would, in this population result in identification of 92.9% of all dogs and 97.3% of all teeth positive for PD ≥4 mm, and 65.5% of all dogs and 83.2% of all teeth positive for CAL ≥1 mm. The results presented here only pertain to the present study population. This screening protocol is suitable for examination of larger groups of laboratory Beagle dogs for PD and our findings indicate that diseased dogs are identified with a high degree of sensitivity. Before this screening can be used in clinical practice, it has to be validated in breeds other than Beagle dogs and in populations with larger age variation.

/pdf/screening-for-periodontal-disease-in-research-dogs-a-113lhexrvj.pdf

Screening for periodontal disease in research dogs - a methodology study

The role of odontogenic infection as an etiology for lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis in dogs was evaluated. An association between odontogenic infection and inflammatory rhinitis was identified in 55% of cases evaluated. Odontogenic infection was unlikely or undetermined in 10% and 35% of the cases, respectively. Cases of lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis had roentgen signs associated with endodontic disease, periodontal disease, or retained tooth roots in 60%, 45%, and 25% of the cases, respectively. A collaborative team based approach assessing inflammatory nasal disease is recommended. Based on the history and signalment of the individual patient, diagnostic modalities should be chosen wisely. In some cases, oral examination and intraoral radiographs may be a more direct and cost effective approach for diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory rhinitis.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/089875641503200103

Suspect Odontogenic Infection Etiology for Canine Lymphoplasmacytic Rhinitis.

Objective—To determine the diagnostic value of 2 intraoral bisecting angle radiographic views in comparison with periodontal probing for the assessment of periodontal attachment of the canine teeth in dogs. Study Population—466 canine teeth from 117 dogs. Procedure—Periodontal probing measurements were recorded, and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were calculated at the mesial, buccal, distal, and lingual (or palatal) surfaces on each canine tooth. Occlusal and lateral radiographs of the canine teeth were obtained. Alveolar margin height (AMH) was measured at the same 4 surfaces. Values for AMH and CAL were compared on the basis of tooth surface, dental arch, and radiographic view. Results—The AMH at the mesial and distal surfaces of the mandibular canine teeth was measurable on the lateral view and was significantly correlated with CAL. Similar results were found for the mesial and distal surfaces of the maxillary canine teeth. Buccal and lingual AMH were measured on the mandibular occlusal radiographic...

Diagnostic value of the use of lateral and occlusal radiographic views in comparison with periodontal probing for the assessment of periodontal attachment of the canine teeth in dogs

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Cecilia Görrel

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Diagnostic value of the use of lateral and occlusal radiographic views in comparison with periodontal probing for the assessment of periodontal attachment of the canine teeth in dogs