As one of the main appendages of skin, hair follicles play an important role in the process of skin regeneration. Hair follicle is a tiny organ formed by the interaction between epidermis and dermis, which has complex and fine structure and periodic growth characteristics. The hair growth cycle is divided into three continuous stages, growth (anagen), apoptosis-driven regression (catagen) and relative quiescence (telogen). And The Morphogenesis and cycle of hair follicles are regulated by a variety of signal pathways. When the signal molecules in the pathways are abnormal, it will affect the development and cycle of hair follicles, which will lead to hair follicle-related diseases.This article will review the structure, development, cycle and molecular regulation of hair follicles, in order to provide new ideas for solving diseases and forming functional hair follicle.

Morphogenesis, Growth Cycle and Molecular Regulation of Hair Follicles

Although medicinal natural products and their derivatives have shown promising effects in disease therapies, they usually suffer the drawbacks in low solubility and stability in the physiological environment, low delivery efficiency, side effects due to multi-targeting, and low site-specific distribution in the lesion. In this review, targeted delivery was well-guided by liposomal formulation in the aspects of preparation of functional liposomes, liposomal medicinal natural products, combined therapies, and image-guided therapy. This review is believed to provide useful guidance to enhance the targeted therapy of medicinal natural products and their derivatives.

/pdf/liposomes-as-multifunctional-nano-carriers-for-medicinal-1fo2601t.pdf

Liposomes as Multifunctional Nano-Carriers for Medicinal Natural Products

In Thai folklore wisdom, shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) was applied as a traditional herbal medicine for hair growth promotion with no scientific evidence. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a progressive hair loss caused by multiple factors, including androgen hormones, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Conventional medicines (finasteride, dutasteride, corticosteroids, and minoxidil) have been used with limited therapeutic efficacy and unpleasant side effects. In this study, we aimed to give the first estimation of bioactive compounds in shallot extract and evaluate the hair growth-promoting activities regarding anti-inflammatory and gene expression modulation involving androgen, Wnt/β-catenin, sonic hedgehog, and angiogenesis pathways. The results reveal that phenolic compounds (quercetin, rosmarinic, and p-coumaric acids) are the major constituents of the methanolic shallot extract. Compared with the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated control group (2.68 ± 0.13 µM), nitric oxide production was remarkably diminished by shallot extract (0.55 ± 0.06 µM). Shallot extract improves hair growth promotion activity, as reflected by the downregulation of the androgen gene expression (SRD5A1 and SRD5A2) and the upregulation of the genes associated with Wnt/β-catenin (CTNNB1), sonic hedgehog (SHH, SMO, and GIL1), and angiogenesis (VEGF) pathways. These findings disclose the new insights of shallot extract on hair growth promotions. Shallot extract could be further developed as nutraceutical, nutricosmetic, and cosmeceutical preparations for AGA treatment. 

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/11/1499/pdf?version=1654492171

Phytochemical Constitution, Anti-Inflammation, Anti-Androgen, and Hair Growth-Promoting Potential of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) Extract

Fish-derived collagen has recently emerged as an alternative collagen source with bioactive properties, including the enhancement of hair and skin health. It is also cost-effective and has high bioavailability, in addition to having fewer side-effects compared to collagen from porcine skin or bovine skin. Collagen peptides (CPs) extracted from the scales of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) reportedly promote hair and skin health. This study sought to evaluate the effects of CPs on hair growth using in vitro and in vivo models. CP significantly enhanced hair regrowth and the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro. CP was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks to confirm the hair-growth-promoting effects. The mice were divided into four groups: negative control (distilled water), positive control (1 mg/kg of finasteride), CP500 (500 mg/kg of CP), and CP1000 (1000 mg/kg of CP). CP treatment significantly enhanced the proliferation of hDPCs compared to 0.2 μM finasteride, in addition to enhancing hair regrowth. Particularly, CP1000 treatment achieved a hair-growth index similar to that of the PC. In H&E staining, the CP groups exhibited a high A/T ratio. Furthermore, CP increased the expression of hair growth factors (IGF-1, VEGF, krt27, Gprc5d, and Ki67) and decreased the growth inhibitory factor (TGF-β1). Furthermore, CP significantly upregulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathways and downregulated the BMP pathways. Therefore, these results indicate that CP could be used as food supplements and nutraceuticals for hair loss prevention as well as hair regrowth during alopecia.

/pdf/hair-growth-promoting-effects-of-the-fish-collagen-peptide-t7xkpk6a.pdf

Hair-Growth-Promoting Effects of the Fish Collagen Peptide in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and C57BL/6 Mice Modulating Wnt/β-Catenin and BMP Signaling Pathways

Hair loss, or alopecia, is a dermatological disorder that causes psychological stress and poor quality of life. Drug-based therapeutics such as finasteride and minoxidil have been clinically used to treat hair loss, but they have limitations due to their several side effects in patients. To solve this problem, there has been meaningful progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of hair growth and finding novel targets to develop therapeutics to treat it. Among various signaling pathways, Wnt/β-catenin plays an essential role in hair follicle development, the hair cycle, and regeneration. Thus, much research has demonstrated that various natural products worldwide promote hair growth by stimulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This review discusses the functional role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its related signaling molecules. We also review the molecular mechanism of the natural products or compounds that activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and provide insights into developing therapeutics or cosmeceuticals that treat hair loss.

/pdf/the-molecular-mechanism-of-natural-products-activating-wnt-b-3pw9dfyx.pdf

The Molecular Mechanism of Natural Products Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway for Improving Hair Loss

Liposomal honokiol promotes hair growth via activating Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway and down regulating TGF-β1 in C57BL/6N mice.


 Purpose

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor with a bad outcome. Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a severe complication of GBM, with a worse outcome and have no effective treatment. A combination chemotherapy was conducted to evaluated the effective of GBM patients with LMD.
Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted of GBM patients diagnosed with LMD between January 2012 and December 2019 in our institution. All these patients accepted at least one cycle of combination therapy combination intrathecal methotrexate(MTX) with systemic chemotherapy. Clinical and pathological data were analyzed to explore the effective treatment and the outcome of GBM patients with LMD.
Results

Twenty-six patients were enrolled in this study. The median time from GBM diagnosis to LMD development was 9.3 months (range 2–59 months). The median overall survival of LMD patients from diagnosis after accepted systemic chemotherapy combination with intrathecal methotrexate was 10.5 months (range 2–59 months). In the Cox univariate analysis, gross resection of tumor (p = 0.022), KPS༞60 (p = 0.002) and Ommaya reservoir implantation (p༜0.001) were correlated with survival. Multivariate analysis showed that KPS༞60 (p = 0.037) and Ommaya reservoir implantation (p = 0.014) were positive factors correlated with survival. The common toxicities of combination therapy were myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal reactions. According to Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events 4.03, most of the toxicities were less than grade 3.
Conclusion

Intrathecal methotrexate combined with systemic chemotherapy is an effective treatment for GBM patients with LMD and has mild treatment-related side effects.

/pdf/intrathecal-methotrexate-combination-with-systemic-3m7fijid18.pdf

Intrathecal methotrexate combination with systemic chemotherapy in glioblastoma patients with leptomeningeal metastases

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Papers

Liposomal honokiol promotes hair growth via activating Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway and down regulating TGF-β1 in C57BL/6N mice.

Intrathecal methotrexate combination with systemic chemotherapy in glioblastoma patients with leptomeningeal metastases