https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/223.pdf

City branding and the Olympic effect: A case study of Beijing

INTRODUCTION,- Chapter 1: Taking stock of post-socialist urban development: a recapitulation: Kiril Stanilov,- PART 1: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS: Chapter 2: Political reform, economic development, and regional growth in post-socialist Europe: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 3: Regional growth dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe in the socio-economic and geographic context of a post-socialist reality: Koloman Ivanicka, Sr. and Koloman Ivanicka, Jr.,- Chapter 4: Urbanization patterns in Russia in the post-soviet era: Irina Molodikova and Alla Makhrova,- PART 2: NON-RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT: Chapter 5: The restructuring of non-residential uses in the post-socialist metropolis: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 6: Land market, commercial real estate, and the remolding of Moscow's urban fabric: Alla Makhrova and Irina Molodikova,- Chapter 7: Office development and post-communist city formation: the case of Prague: Ludek Sykora,- Chapter 8: The evolution of industrial areas in Budapest after 1989: Eva Kiss,- PART 3: RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT: Chapter 9: Housing trends in Central and Eastern European cities during and after the period of transition: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 10: Social and spatial consequences of the restitution of real estate: Birgit Glock et al ,- Chapter 11: The perils of post-socialist transformation: residential development in Sofia: Sonia Hirt and Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 12: Upscale housing in post-soviet Moscow and its environs: Yuri Medvedkov and Olga Medvedkov,- PART 4: THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC SPACE: Chapter 13: Democracy, markets, and public space in the transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 14: Public space in the 'blue cities' of Russia: Barbara Engel,- Chapter 15: The peculiar history of (post)communist public places and spaces: Bucharest as a case study: Augustin Ioan,- Chapter 16: Urban transport in the Baltic republics: Sigurd Grava,- PART 5: PUBLIC POLICY ANDURBAN DEVELOPMENT: Chapter 17: Urban development policies in Central and Eastern Europe during the transition period and their impact on urban form: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 18: Belgrade's post-socialist urban evolution: reflections by the actors in the development process: Sreten Vujovic and Mina Petrovic,- Chapter 19: Urban development, legislation, and planning in post-socialist Zagreb: Branko I. Cavric and Zorica Nedovic-Budic,- PART 6: PLANNING THE POST-SOCIALIST CITY: Chapter 20: Urban planning and the challenges of the post-socialist transformation: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 21: The post-socialist urban restructuring of Ljubljana: strengthening identity: Kaliopa Dimitrovska Andrews et al,- Chapter 22: Urban futures: strategic planning in post-socialist Europe: Sasha Tsenkova,- Chapter 23: Urban and regional planning in Central and Eastern European countries - from EU requirements to innovative practices: Karina M. Pallagst and Georges Mercier

The post-socialist city : urban form and space transformations in Central and Eastern Europe after socialism

We combine the concept of location derived by economic geographers with theories of the multinational enterprise (MNE) and the liability of foreignness developed by international business scholars, to examine the factors that propel MNEs toward, or away from, “global cities”. We argue that three distinctive characteristics of global cities – global interconnectedness, cosmopolitanism, and abundance of advanced producer services – help MNEs overcome the costs of doing business abroad, and we identify the contingencies under which these characteristics combine with firm attributes to exert their strongest influence. Consistent with these arguments, our analysis of a large sample of MNE location decisions using a multilevel multinomial model suggests not only that MNEs have a strong propensity to locate within global cities, but also that these choices are associated with a nuanced interplay of firm- and subsidiary-level factors, including investment motives, proprietary capabilities, and business strategy. Our study provides important insights for international business scholars by shedding new light on MNE location choices and also contributes to our understanding of economic geography by examining the heterogeneous strategies and capabilities of MNEs – the primary agents of economic globalization – that shape the nature of global cities.

/pdf/global-cities-and-multinational-enterprise-location-strategy-1vnyhboo5m.pdf

Global Cities And Multinational Enterprise Location Strategy

The research looks at the structure of the Internet backbone and air transport networks between 82 cities in 2002, using Internet backbone bandwidth and air passenger traffic data. Centrality measures on individual city's hierarchy in the Internet and in the air traffic networks were significantly correlated, with London in the most dominant position in both networks. A quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) showed a structural equivalence between two systems. The division and membership of the clusters in both networks also showed similarity; both networks had a strongly cohesive North American-European cluster with the London-New York dyad as the strongest linkage in the global flow of information and people. These findings suggest that current trends in Internet infrastructure concentration reproduce and maintain global inequality and hierarchy among world cities.

Comparing world city networks: a network analysis of Internet backbone and air transport intercity linkages

This is an empirical paper that uses an interlocking network model to evaluate the importance of leading world cities within contemporary globalisation. Cities are treated as locales through which four globalisations-economic, cultural, political and social-are produced and reproduced. Sixteen sets of data describing agents of global network formation, such as global service firms, NGOs and UN agencies, are analysed to measure cities' overall network locations and sub-net articulator roles. Analyses are synthesised in a taxonomy of leading world cities that identifies five classes of 'global city' and types of other world cities.

Leading World Cities: Empirical Evaluations of Urban Nodes in Multiple Networks

DERUDDER B., TAYLOR P. J., WITLOX F. and C ATALANO G. (2003) Hierarchical tendencies and regional patterns in the world city network: a global urban analysis of 234 cities, Reg. Studies 37, 875–886. Previous explorations of the world city network have tended to focus on analyses of its upper ranks. Using a database on the global strategies of 100 financial and business firms across 234 cities, fuzzy classification analysis is used to define 22 urban arenas. With their " core' and "hybrid' memberships, these arenas are constituted by interweaving hierarchical and regional processes. The results include evaluations of the previously unassessed outer reaches of the world city network.D ERUDDER B., TAYLOR P. J., WITLOX F. et CATALANO G. (2003) Les tendances hierarchiques et les structures regionales du reseau de villes de taille mondiale: une analyse urbano-mondiale de 234 grandes villes, Reg. Studies 37, 875–886. Des etudes anterieures du reseau de villes de taille mondiale ont eu tendance a porter sur une a...

Hierarchical tendencies and regional patterns in the world city network: A global urban analysis of 234 cities

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Hierarchical tendencies and regional patterns in the world city network: A global urban analysis of 234 cities