We provide an updated version of the Compendium of Physical Activities, a coding scheme that classifies specific physical activity (PA) by rate of energy expenditure. It was developed to enhance the comparability of results across studies using self-reports of PA. The Compendium coding scheme links a five-digit code that describes physical activities by major headings (e.g., occupation, transportation, etc.) and specific activities within each major heading with its intensity, defined as the ratio of work metabolic rate to a standard resting metabolic rate (MET). Energy expenditure in MET-minutes, MET-hours, kcal, or kcal per kilogram body weight can be estimated for specific activities by type or MET intensity. Additions to the Compendium were obtained from studies describing daily PA patterns of adults and studies measuring the energy cost of specific physical activities in field settings. The updated version includes two new major headings of volunteer and religious activities, extends the number of specific activities from 477 to 605, and provides updated MET intensity levels for selected activities.

http://www.lisaworkman.com/uploads/3/1/7/1/3171788/ainsworth_et_al._2000_-_msse.pdf

Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities.

http://drop-kicker.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/kyle-bia.pdf

Bioelectrical impedance analysis--part I: review of principles and methods.

ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients

ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit

Bioelectrical impedance analysis-part II: utilization in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND A premature infant's discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is dependent on factors such as respiratory stability, adequate growth, and the ability to consume oral feeds. Once infants have achieved respiratory stability, a tool that can better predict age at discharge is desirable. Thus, we conducted a secondary data analysis to assess the association between ultrasound measurements of abdominal muscle thickness and postmenstrual age (PMA) at full oral feedings. METHODS Forty-nine (n = 49) healthy, premature infants (mean gestational age = 32 weeks) were recruited from the NICU. Anthropometric measurements and ultrasound measurements of the rectus abdominis were conducted when infants were medically stable. Fat-free mass (FFM) was obtained using air displacement plethysmography. The relationship between ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness and PMA at full oral feedings was assessed using linear regression analysis. The relationship between FFM z-scores and PMA at full oral feedings was also assessed for comparison. RESULTS When adjusting for gestational age at birth, PMA at measurement, days of positive pressure respiratory support, weight, and length, ultrasound measurements of abdominal muscle thickness were independently, negatively associated with PMA at full oral feedings (β estimate: -0.71, P = .03). CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest infants with greater abdominal muscle thickness may reach full oral feedings at an earlier PMA (nearly 1 week per millimeter). Thus, ultrasound measurements of abdominal muscle thickness may be helpful in assessing readiness for discharge in healthy preterm infants. Further research is needed for development and validation of a prediction equation.

Ultrasound measurements of abdominal muscle thickness are associated with postmenstrual age at full oral feedings in preterm infants: A preliminary study.

Structured triglycerides in critical illness: A review.

and a physiological model of body water, fat, and muscle composition Comparison of DXA and water measurements of body fat following gastric bypass surgery

Rationale: No global consensus exists on diagnostic criteria for malnutrition. Muscular deficits and functional impairments are major components of available malnutrition diagnostic frameworks (SGA, MCC, EDC, GLIM), because these facets of nutritional status significantly impact outcomes (1,2). The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of body composition (BCA) and functional status assessment (FSA) tools that are being used for nutritional assessment (NA) and monitoring response to nutritional interventions (RNI) in adult hospitalized patients. 

Body composition and functional status tools for nutritional assessment of hospitalized adults: a systematic review

spectroscopyintracellular water using bioimpedance Second generation mixture theory equation for

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