Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

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Emotion and Adaptation

Roberta Comunian tackles head-on some of the dilemmas and challenges which this promising new methodology raise for a researcher in regional studies.

Social Network Analysis

Trust and reputation systems represent a significant trend in decision support for Internet mediated service provision. The basic idea is to let parties rate each other, for example after the completion of a transaction, and use the aggregated ratings about a given party to derive a trust or reputation score, which can assist other parties in deciding whether or not to transact with that party in the future. A natural side effect is that it also provides an incentive for good behaviour, and therefore tends to have a positive effect on market quality. Reputation systems can be called collaborative sanctioning systems to reflect their collaborative nature, and are related to collaborative filtering systems. Reputation systems are already being used in successful commercial online applications. There is also a rapidly growing literature around trust and reputation systems, but unfortunately this activity is not very coherent. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of existing and proposed systems that can be used to derive measures of trust and reputation for Internet transactions, to analyse the current trends and developments in this area, and to propose a research agenda for trust and reputation systems.

/pdf/a-survey-of-trust-and-reputation-systems-for-online-service-2vd0g0048y.pdf

A survey of trust and reputation systems for online service provision

The study of multi-agent systems (MAS) focuses on systems in which many intelligent agents interact with each other. These agents are considered to be autonomous entities such as software programs or robots. Their interactions can either be cooperative (for example as in an ant colony) or selfish (as in a free market economy). This book assumes only basic knowledge of algorithms and discrete maths, both of which are taught as standard in the first or second year of computer science degree programmes. A basic knowledge of artificial intelligence would useful to help understand some of the issues, but is not essential. The books main aims are: To introduce the student to the concept of agents and multi-agent systems, and the main applications for which they are appropriate To introduce the main issues surrounding the design of intelligent agents To introduce the main issues surrounding the design of a multi-agent society To introduce a number of typical applications for agent technology

An Introduction to MultiAgent Systems.

In this paper we present the management of uncertainty proposed in the COLAPSES language. Uncertainty is mainly a control parameter of the execution of a knowledge base. This language allows the possibility of defining local logics inside a hierarchic structure of modules containing rules. These local logics interact between them in a user defined fashion that gives to the uncertainty treatment a flexibility not found in other systems. The relation between control (meta-logic) and deduction (logic) is based on a reflexive architecture that uses introspection mechanisms to take decisions from the uncertainty in the facts. These features allow to mimic more closely human problem solving behaviour and particularly when uncertainty is present. We conjecture that this type of architecture may have implications for ITS because it allows to provide explanations involving control knowledge decisions.

COLAPSES: A Modular Architecture and Language for Modelling Meta-Control and Uncertainty

Privacy-Aware Explanations for Team Formation

We propose an application that allows users to request other users for help with every-day tasks. Users can pay each other for these tasks by issuing contracts in which the requester promises to return the favor in the future by performing some task for the other. Such contracts can be seen as an alternative currency, coined by the users themselves. Trust is an essential aspect of this system, as the issuer of a contract may fail to fulfill its commitments. Therefore, the application comes with a social network where users can leave comments about other users. Furthermore, our application includes a market place where users can exchange service contracts between each other, and a negotiation algorithm that can automatically trade these contracts on behalf of the user.

/pdf/trust-negotiations-and-virtual-currencies-for-a-sharing-4rxumqd6p2.pdf

Trust, Negotiations and Virtual Currencies for a Sharing Economy

MILORD is a working expert system shell oriented to classification tasks. The authors describe a modular extension of the MILORD system. This modular extension, called MILORD-II, addresses two main characteristics of human problem solving: the application of general knowledge to particular problems, and the dependence of the kind of management of uncertainty on the particular subtasks. The focus is on the two important roles uncertainty plays in this modular system: (i) as part of local deductive mechanisms, and (ii) as a control feature in the process of selecting and combining knowledge base units or modules. >

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/605/6550/00258760.pdf

Managing local fuzzy logics in MILORD-II

This position paper is an overview of the journal article [1] where we propose HANA, a software architecture for agents to sign agreements about joint plans of action in a multiagent system (MAS) with repeated interactions. Negotiations are bilateral and may involve humans. We assume that there are specific time deadlines for action execution and that the agents have to negotiate while exploring what set of actions to perform. Realistic problems involving humans use to be of the incomplete information type and have a huge space of solutions. That means that the space is large enough and the negotiation time short enough to preclude looking for the optimal solution. That means that any architecture for this type of negotiation problem needs to give the means to look for good-enough solutions.

Overview of HANA: a Human-Aware Negotiation Architecture ?

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