Polymeric permselective films are frequently used for amperometric biosensors to prevent electroactive interference present in the target matrix. Phenylenediamines are the most commonly used for the deposition of shielding polymeric films against interfering species; however, even phenolic monomers have been utilized in the creation of these films for microsensors and biosensors. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performances of electrosynthesized polymers, layered by means of constant potential amperometry (CPA), of naturally occurring compound zingerone (ZING) and its dimer dehydrozingerone (ZING DIM), which was obtained by straight oxidative coupling reaction. The polymers showed interesting shielding characteristics against the main interfering species, such as ascorbic acid (AA): actually, polyZING exhibited an AA shielding aptitude comprised between 77.6 and 99.6%, comparable to that obtained with PPD. Moreover, a marked capability of increased monitoring of hydrogen peroxide (HP), when data were compared with bare metal results, was observed. In particular, polyZING showed increases ranging between 55.6 and 85.6%. In the present work, the molecular structures of the obtained polymers have been theorized and docking analyses were performed to understand their peculiar characteristics better. The structures were docked using the Lamarckian genetic algorithm (LGA). Glutamate biosensors based on those polymers were built, and their performances were compared with biosensors based on PPD, which is the most widespread polymer for the construction of amperometric biosensors. 

Sustainable Electropolymerization of Zingerone and Its C2 Symmetric Dimer for Amperometric Biosensor Films

Electrochemical microsensors and biosensors have been widely used in many fields, in particular neurochemical monitoring, because of their features. Usually, hydrogen peroxide (HP), obtained as a by-product of an enzymatic reaction, is the detected compound on transducers made of precious metals, in particular platinum. The over-time increase in the price of platinum and its alloys requires the use of miniaturizable low-cost supports that can be suitably modified with the deposition of Pt particles; among them, graphite is the most widespread. In the present paper, carbon-composition resistors (CCRs) and pencil leads (PLs) of different diameters (0.3, 0.5 and 2.0 mm), mainly made up of graphite, clay and some other components were used as carbonaceous support for the deposition of platinum. Platinizations were carried out by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and constant potential amperometry (CPA) techniques. On the platinized supports, hydrogen peroxide (HP) and ascorbic acid (AA) sensitivity were assessed in order to verify the possibility of using them as transducers of amperometric biosensors. All the used protocols determined the occurrence of HP monitoring, not appreciable on carbonaceous surfaces. We chose 0.3 mm Ø PLs for the construction of glucose biosensors by appropriately modifying the platinum surface layering, a permselective polymer, an enzyme booster, the glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme and a containing network. The biosensor constructed in this way demonstrated a behavior comparable to that obtained using classic platinum wires.

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The Platinization of Graphite Composites Turns Widespread and Low-Cost Materials into Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors and High-Value Biosensor Transducers

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The Platinization of Graphite Composites Turns Widespread and Low-Cost Materials into Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors and High-Value Biosensor Transducers