We introduce the information state approach to dialogue management, and show how it can be used to formalize theories of dialogue in a manner suitable for easy implementation. We also show how this approach can lead to better engineering of dialogue management components of dialogue systems, allowing for separate development of modular system fundamentals, dialogue theories, and domain-specific dialogue systems, in a manner where components can more easily be reused. TrindiKit is a tool instantiating the lowest level, and allowing straightforward implementation of dialogue theories formalized using the information state approach. We briefly describe several dialogue systems built using TrindiKit, and how components have been successfully further developed and reused in other projects.

https://ict.usc.edu/pubs/The%20Information%20State%20Approach%20to%20Dialogue%20Management.pdf

The Information State Approach to Dialogue Management

The DIPPER architecture is a collection of software agents for prototyping spoken dialogue systems. Implemented on top of the Open Agent Architecture (OAA), it comprises agents for speech input and output, dialogue management, and further supporting agents. We define a formal syntax and semantics for the DIPPER information state update language. The language is independent of particular programming languages, and incorporates procedural attachments for access to external resources using OAA.

DIPPER : Description and formalisation of an information-state update dialogue system architecture

Oral discourse is the primary form of human–human communication, hence, computer interfaces that communicate via unstructured spoken dialogues will presumably provide a more efficient, meaningful, and naturalistic interaction experience. Within the context of learning environments, there are theoretical positions supporting a speech facilitation hypothesis that predicts that spoken tutorial dialogues will increase learning more than typed dialogues. We evaluated this hypothesis in an experiment where 24 participants learned computer literacy via a spoken and a typed conversation with AutoTutor, an intelligent tutoring system with conversational dialogues. The results indicated that (a) enhanced content coverage was achieved in the spoken condition; (b) learning gains for both modalities were on par and greater than a no-instruction control; (c) although speech recognition errors were unrelated to learning gains, they were linked to participants' evaluations of the tutor; (d) participants adjusted their co...

Toward Spoken Human–Computer Tutorial Dialogues

This chapter presents new explorations into the use of agent technology applied to the protection of power systems. We broadly define an agent to be an autonomous piece of software capable of interacting with its environment. Our investigation centers on the use of agents within an electric power grid using a private communication network, termed a Utility Intranet, based on Internet technology. Our goal is to create practical agents that can be examined in realistic situations. To facilitate this aim, a new platform has been developed, EPOCHS, which allows agents to operate in an environment that combines proven electric power electromagnetic and electromechanical transient simulators with a popular network communication simulation engine. We have developed a remote load shedding scheme, a back-up protection system and a differential protection method using agent technology and evaluated each case within the EPOCHS environment. Agent-based systems improve on traditional methods in each case. Results illustrating the performance and viability of agent-based protection system are presented.

Agent Technology Applied to the Protection of Power Systems

Portability of a spoken dialogue system (SDS) to a new domain or a new language is a hot topic as it may imply gains in time and cost for building new SDSs. In particular in this paper we investigate several fast and efficient approaches for language portability of the spoken language understanding (SLU) module of a dialogue system. We show that the use of statistical machine translation (SMT) can reduce the time and the cost of porting a system from a source to a target language. For conceptual decoding, a state-of-the-art module based on conditional random fields (CRF) is used and a new approach based on phrase-based statistical machine translation (PB-SMT) is also evaluated. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed methods for a fast and low cost SLU language portability. In addition, we propose two methods to increase SLU robustness to translation errors. Overall, it is shown that the combination of all these approaches can further reduce the concept error rate. While most of the experiments in this paper deal with portability from French to Italian (given the availability of the Media French corpus and its subset manually translated into Italian), a validation of our methodology is eventually proposed in Arabic.

Comparison and Combination of Lightly Supervised Approaches for Language Portability of a Spoken Language Understanding System

We review existing types of dialogue managers (DMs), and propose that the Information State (IS) approach may allow both complexity of dialogue and ease of portability. We discuss implementational drawbacks of the only existing IS DM, and describe our work underway to develop a new DM resolving those drawbacks.

Dialogue complexity with portability?: research directions for the information state approach

Robots typically execute only preprogrammed, limited instructions. For humans to command teams of semiautonomous robots in non-trivial, mobile, and dynamically changing tasks, the humanrobot interface will need to include several aspects of human-human communication. These aspects include cooperatively detecting and resolving problems, making using of context, and maintaining contexts across multiple conversations. In this paper, we describe the architecture we are developing to support this dialogue system, based on the TRINDIKit framework.

A Dialogue Architecture for Multimodal Control of Robots

We performed an exploratory study to examine the effects of speech-enabled input on a cognitive task involving analysis and annotation of objects in aerial reconnaissance videos. We added speech to an information fusion system to allow for hands-free annotation in order to examine the effect on efficiency, quality, task success, and user satisfaction. We hypothesized that speech recognition could be a cognitive-enabling technology by reducing the mental load of instrument manipulation and freeing up resources for the task at hand.

/pdf/the-msiia-experiment-using-speech-to-enhance-human-4rgq6zht38.pdf

The MSIIA Experiment: Using Speech to Enhance Human Performance on a Cognitive Task

A system that includes a wearable monitor for monitoring movement of a user. The wearable monitor includes at least one movement sensor configured to generate at least one measurement signal in response to movement of the user, and a wireless transmitter configured to wirelessly transmit measurement data generated based on the at least one measurement signal. The system includes a portable electronic device configured to wirelessly receive the measurement data transmitted by the wireless transmitter, and generate movement classification data comprising a movement classification for each of a plurality of time windows of the measurement data, wherein the movement classification data is generated based on a machine learned model of human movement.

Systems and methods for rehabilitative motion sensing

The AWSIM Interoperability with ModSAF (AIM) program is investigating interfacing traditional constructive simulations with virtual simulations. The program addresses a number of issues involved in this interoperability. As a mechanism for exploring these issues, ModSAF is used to create a detailed window into an AWSIM exercise; modeling of AWSIM aircraft entering the window is transferred to ModSAF. A prototype was developed to investigate the practical aspects of the interface issues. Knowledge, algorithms, and software developed in this program will support future Air Force wargame development.

/pdf/an-experiment-in-simulation-interoperability-3r1yngt3e5.pdf

An experiment in simulation interoperability

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