https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00199.x

Metabolic syndrome in people with schizophrenia: a review

The effects of antipsychotic therapy on serum lipids: a comprehensive review

Objective: Despite increasing use of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents, data regarding their efficacy and safety are limited. Endocrine and metabolic adverse effects are among the most concerning adverse effects of commonly used psychotropic medications. Method: Selective review of endocrine and metabolic effects of psychotropic medications in pediatric populations, with a focus on monitoring and management strategies. Results: Because youth are still developing at the time of psychotropic drug exposure, most reference values need to be adjusted for gender and age. As in adults, youngsters receiving lithium require monitoring for thyroid dysfunction. Psychostimulants appear to cause mild reversible growth retardation in some patients, most likely because of decreased weight or slowing of expected weight gain; some patients may experience clinically significant reductions in adult height. Although still controversial, valproate use has been associated with an increased risk for polycystic ovary syndrome, in addition to causing weight gain. Although more data are required, children and adolescents appear to be at higher risk than adults for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia, weight gain, and possibly, associated metabolic abnormalities, which is of particular concern. Conclusions: Clinicians and caregivers need to be aware of potential endocrine and metabolic adverse effects of psychiatric medications. A careful selection of patients, choice of agents with potentially lesser risk for these adverse events, healthy lifestyle counseling, as well as close health monitoring are warranted to maximize effectiveness and safety.

/pdf/endocrine-and-metabolic-adverse-effects-of-psychotropic-2pjrnsqnz8.pdf

Endocrine and metabolic adverse effects of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wps.20069

A meta‐analysis of cardio‐metabolic abnormalities in drug naïve, first‐episode and multi‐episode patients with schizophrenia versus general population controls

https://www.childpsych.theclinics.com/article/S1056-4993(05)00072-6/pdf

Recognizing and monitoring adverse events of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND It is important to assess cardiovascular risk factors to properly verify the potential consequences of atypical antipsychotic-related weight gain. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether 2 atypical antipsychotics differ regarding their impact on the cardiovascular disease risk profile compared with a reference group. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional, multicenter study to assess anthropometric indices of obesity and to obtain a comprehensive fasting metabolic risk profile. Either risperidone or olanzapine had to be prescribed as the first and only antipsychotic for a minimum of 6 months. Patients were compared with a reference group of nondiabetic men. Data were collected from August 1999 to August 2001. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients treated with olanzapine (N = 42) or risperidone (N = 45) were evaluated. Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly higher plasma triglyceride concentrations (2.01 +/-1.05 vs. 1.34 +/-0.65 mmol/L, p < or =.05), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels (0.92 +/-0.17 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.21 mmol/L, p < or =.05), higher cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios (5.62 +/-1.70 vs. 4.50 +/- 1.44, p < or =.05), higher apolipoprotein B levels (1.07 +/- 0.35 vs. 0.92 +/- 0.27 g/L, p < or =.05), smaller low-density lipoprotein peak particle diameters (252.6 +/-4.1 vs. 255.2 +/-4.3 A, p <.01), and higher fasting insulin concentrations (103.9 +/- 67.6 vs. 87.5 +/- 56.1 pmol/L, p < or =.05) than risperidone-treated patients. Moreover, 33% of olanzapine-treated patients were carriers of 3 atherogenic features of the metabolic syndrome as opposed to a prevalence of only 11% of risperidone-treated patients. CONCLUSION These results suggest that olanzapine-treated patients are characterized by a more deteriorated metabolic risk factor profile compared with risperidone-treated patients. These observations raise concerns about the potential differential long-term deleterious effects of some antipsychotics, such as olanzapine, on cardiovascular health.

Development of an atherogenic metabolic risk factor profile associated with the use of atypical antipsychotics.

Atypical antipsychotics and cardiovascular risk in schizophrenic patients.

Objectives: Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) induce weight gain and dyslipidemia, albeit with important intervariability. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is proposed as ...

Circulating IGFBP-2 levels reveal atherogenic metabolic risk in schizophrenic patients using atypical antipsychotics.

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Development of an atherogenic metabolic risk factor profile associated with the use of atypical antipsychotics.

Atypical antipsychotics and cardiovascular risk in schizophrenic patients.

Circulating IGFBP-2 levels reveal atherogenic metabolic risk in schizophrenic patients using atypical antipsychotics.