Investigating urban heat island through spatial analysis of New York City streetscapes

Interpretation Theory. Abstract interpretation is a semantic theory introduced by Patrick and Radhia Cousot in 1977 in order to design static analysis of computer programs and, more in general, software systems. In [37, 1] we prove that completeness of abstract domains w.r.t. semantic operators is a property which is preserved by the operation of lowest upper bound and greatest lower bound in the lattice of abstractions, provided the semantic operators are completely additive. We also show some negative results concerning some properties of domain refinements that, although seem quite natural, do no hold in practice.

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Fine particulate matter is primarily released by transportation, residential and industrial processes It can cause cardiopulmonary problems and has been attributed to the development of diabetes Ontario is Canada’s most populous province and shares its southern border with the United States of America The 2003 Canada-United States Border Air Quality Strategy outlines an initiative to reduce air pollution, specifically targeting southern Ontario due to its proximity to the US and its historical air pollution levels Ambient air concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 25 ) in southern Ontario were analyzed in this research The data were obtained from the Ontario Ministry of the Environment There are 40 stations across Ontario that monitor concentrations of up to six airborne pollutants on an hourly basis The purpose of this research was to examine ambient air quality trends from 2003 to 2012 by generating prediction surfaces using the ordinary kriging spatial interpolation technique Average PM 25 levels for each year as well as maximum pollutant concentrations for the lowest and the highest year were produced The results showed that fine particulate matter levels decreased, and the maximum levels per year also declined significantly This indicates that fine particulate matter was greatly reduced and air quality generally improved in terms of PM 25 during the analysis period

Assessing fine particulate matter concentrations and trends in southern Ontario, Canada, 2003–2012

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Assessing fine particulate matter concentrations and trends in southern Ontario, Canada, 2003–2012