Background Although opioids are widely used as analgesics in general anaesthesia, they have unpleasant side-effects and can delay postoperative recovery Acupuncture and related techniques are effective for acute and chronic pain, and reduces some side-effects We assessed the effect of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on intra-operative remifentanil consumption and the incidences of anaesthesia-related side-effects Methods Sixty patients undergoing sinusotomy were randomly assigned to TEAS or control group TEAS consisted of 30 min of stimulation (6–9 mA, 2/10 Hz) on the Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), and Zusanli (ST36) before anaesthesia The patients in the control group had the electrodes applied, but received no stimulation Bispectral index was used to monitor the depth of anaesthesia Perioperative haemodynamics were recorded, and peripheral blood samples were collected to measure the levels of mediators of surgical stress The primary end point was intraoperative remifentanil consumption and the secondary endpoints were recovery quality and anaesthesia-related side-effects Results Patients in the TEAS group required 39% less remifentanil during surgery than controls [00907 ( sd 0026) μg kg−1 min−1 vs 0051 (0018) μg kg−1 min−1] There were no differences in intra-operative haemodynamics or surgical stress between groups However, the time to extubation and recall in the control group was 168 (68) min and 230 (50) min, respectively, significantly longer than that in the TEAS group (P Conclusion The use of TEAS significantly reduced intra-operative remifentanil consumption and alleviated postoperative side-effects in patients undergoing sinusotomy Clinical trial registration The trial was registered at clinicaltrialsgov (NCT01700855)

Transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation reduces intra-operative remifentanil consumption and alleviates postoperative side-effects in patients undergoing sinusotomy: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Accumulated evidences from clinical trials and updated reviews suggest that the role of acupuncture in perioperative medicine extends beyond the classical scope of anaesthesia and has been underestimated. Perioperative acupuncture reduces not only the consumption of anaesthetics and analgesics, but also anaesthesia-related complications, and protects organs in the perioperative period. These beneficial effects make acupuncture a promising approach in perioperative management, especially with respect to enhanced surgery recovery and specific surgical populations, such as elderly patients and ‘triple-low' patients. Furthermore, efforts have been made to optimize the clinical application of perioperative acupuncture.

Perioperative acupuncture modulation: more than anaesthesia

We performed this study to examine the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and recovery in patients after a supratentorial tumor resection. Eighty-eight patients requiring a supratentorial tumor resection were anesthetized with sevoflurane and randomly allocated to a no treatment group (Group C) or an EA group (Group A). After anesthesia induction, the patients in Group A received EA at LI4 and SJ5, at BL63 and LR3 and at ST36 and GB40 on the same side as the craniotomy. The stimulation was continued until the end of the operation. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) was used for the postoperative analgesia. The postoperative pain scores, PONV, the degree of dizziness and appetite were recorded. In the first 6 hours after the operation, the mean total bolus, the effective times of PCIA bolus administrations and the VAS scores were much lower in the EA group (p < 0.05). In the EA group, the incidence of PONV and degree of dizziness and feeling of fullness in the head within the first 24 hours after the operation was much lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). In the EA group, more patients had a better appetite than did the patients in group C (51.2% vs. 27.5%) (p < 0.05). The use of EA in neurosurgery patients improves the quality of postoperative analgesia, promotes appetite recovery and decreases some uncomfortable sensations, such as dizziness and feeling of fullness in the head.

Electro-acupuncture decreases postoperative pain and improves recovery in patients undergoing a supratentorial craniotomy.

Electroacupuncture has been demonstrated to be effective at alleviating pain and postoperative side-effects. Our aim was to investigate whether transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation, a low-skill alternative to needle-based electroacupuncture, could improve the quality of recovery after ambulatory surgery. Seventy-two women scheduled for cosmetic breast surgery were randomly allocated to transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation or sham groups. Patients in the transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation group received 30 min of electrical stimulation at three acupoints located on the hand and forearm before the induction of general anaesthesia. We found significant mean (SD) differences between the transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation and sham groups in the mean (SD) length of recovery room stay (35.6 (12.9) min vs 48.3 (16.3) min, p = 0.01), time to removal of the laryngeal mask airway (10.2 (2.5) min vs 17.8 (4.4) min, p = 0.01), and time to reorientation of the patient (14.6 (3.2) min vs 26.5 (5.0) min, p = 0.01). Further, postoperative pain scores and the incidence of side-effects were all lower in the transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation group. In conclusion, transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation can significantly improve the quality of recovery and decrease the incidence of anaesthesia-related side-effects for patients undergoing ambulatory surgery.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/anae.12639

The effect of pre‐treatment with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on the quality of recovery after ambulatory breast surgery: a prospective, randomised controlled trial

Objectives To investigate the anaesthetic and analgesic effect of multipoint transcutaneous electrical acupuncture stimulation (TEAS) during supratentorial tumour resection for postoperative recovery and side effects. Methods In a blinded clinical trial, 92 patients scheduled for supratentorial craniotomy under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into either a multipoint TEAS (n=46) or a sham TEAS group (n=46). All patients received total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and sufentanil. The target concentration of sufentanil was adjusted and recorded according to mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and bispectral index (BIS). Patients in the TEAS group received TEAS 30 min before anaesthesia induction and this was maintained throughout the operation at four pairs of acupuncture points. Postoperative pain, recovery and side effects were evaluated. Results Eighty-eight patients completed the study. Continuous monitoring of MAP, HR and BIS showed stable values with no significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05). Sufentanil target plasma concentration in TEAS patients was significantly lower at some time points during supratentorial craniotomy, and total sufentanil consumption was significantly higher in the sham group (p Conclusions Multipoint TEAS at both proximal and distal points combined with TIVA can significantly decrease intraoperative sufentanil requirements, increase pain relief on postoperative day 1 and improve postoperative recovery of patients during supratentorial tumour resection, with no significant increase of side effects. These findings suggest that multipoint TEAS may be clinically effective as an adjunct to analgesia in intraoperative anaesthesia and postoperative pain treatment and may speed recovery. Trial registration number Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number ChiCTR-TRC-10001078).

Intraoperative and postoperative anaesthetic and analgesic effect of multipoint transcutaneous electrical acupuncture stimulation combined with sufentanil anaesthesia in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy.

Drug-induced anesthesia combined with electroacupuncture (EA) in patients has been put into practice in recent years in China. In this study, we showed the effectiveness of EA on the speed of post-operative recovery of patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy and the potential clinical mechanism of EA. Dual channel electrical stimulator made by HANS Beijing connected the following acupoints respectively: LI4 (Hegu), SJ5 (Waiguan), ST36 (Zusanli), BL63 (Jinmen), LR3 (Taichong), and GB40 (Qiuxu). Disperse-dense and symmetric biphasic pulse waves were selected, frequency of waves (pulse rates) were 2Hz/100Hz, altered/3sec; pulse duration was 0.6ms/0.2ms, 2Hz: 0.6ms, 100Hz: 0.2ms; symmetric biphasic pulse wave. We found that the EA-group required 9.62% less sevoflurane than the sham EA-group (P<0.05). During recovery from anesthesia, the autonomous respiration recovery time, tracheo-tube removal time, eye-opening time, voluntary motor recovery time, orientation force recovery time, and the operating-room departure time of the EA-group were all significantly shortened 35.86%, 27.07%, 38.38%, 30.11%, 34.95%, 28.80% than the corresponding sham EA-group, respectively (P<0.05). The serum enkephalin values were elevated in the EA group versus the sham EA-group.

Effects of combining electroacupuncture with general anesthesia induced by sevoflurane in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy and improvements in their clinical recovery profile & blood enkephalin.

Objective Blood-based biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are a ‘Holy Grail’ of AD research. Growing evidence shows that levels of apolipoproteins and various inflammation-related factors are altered in the peripheral blood of patients with AD. The purpose of this study was to clear and definite whether these biomarkers are differentially expressed at the early stages of AD, and could be a biomarker as an early diagnosis of the disease. Design Observation study. Setting This study was a part of the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline, an ongoing prospective cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03370744) that centres on Xuanwu Hospital (Beijing, China) in cooperation with an alliance of 94 hospitals from 50 cities across China. Participants In the present study, 416 right-handed Chinese Han subjects were recruited through standardised public advertisements from 2014 to 2019. Outcome measures Concentrations of plasma apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), A-2-macroglobulin (A2M), complement C3 (C3) and complement factor H (FH) were determined using a commercial multiplex Luminex-based panel in normal controls (NC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment and AD groups. Results For individual analysis, pairwise comparisons showed that: (1) For SCD versus NC, no biomarker showed significant difference; (2) For amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) versus NC, levels of ApoCIII, ApoE, A2M, C3 and FH increased significantly; and (3) For AD versus NC, amounts of C3 increased. For models differentiating clinical groups, discriminant analysis was performed by including all protein markers, age, sex, genotype and education level in the model. This approach could distinguish between patients with aMCI (area under the curve (AUC): 0.743) and AD (AUC: 0.837) from NC. Conclusion Our results suggest that concentrations of certain apolipoproteins and inflammation-related factors are altered at the early stage of AD, and could be useful biomarkers for early diagnosis. Trial registration number NCT03370744.

/pdf/association-of-plasma-apolipoproteins-and-levels-of-t1dkn006.pdf

Association of plasma apolipoproteins and levels of inflammation-related factors with different stages of Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study

Objective To analyse the guiding value of procalcitonin (PCT) for the selection of ventilation switching points in sequential mechanical ventilation for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory failure, and to provide a reference for the optimisation of mechanical ventilation for patients with COPD and respiratory failure. Methods The study included 160 patients with an acute exacerbation of COPD complicated by respiratory failure who received sequential mechanical ventilation treatment. They were divided into two groups of 80 participants. The critical point of the pulmonary infection observation window (PIC) was used as the switching point for sequential mechanical ventilation treatment in the control group, and PCT clinical node was used as the switching point for sequential mechanical ventilation treatment in the observation group. The invasive ventilation time, non-invasive mechanical ventilation time, total mechanical ventilation time, intensive care unit (ICU) treatment time, complication rate and prognosis were compared for the two groups. Results (1) There was no significant difference in the respiratory rate, heart rate, arterial systolic pressure, arterial oxygen partial pressure, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure or pH value between the two groups after 1 day of treatment, and (2) invasive mechanical ventilation time, non-invasive mechanical ventilation time, total mechanical ventilation time, ICU treatment time and the incidence of complications were significantly different in the two groups (P = 0.0001). Conclusion Detecting PCT can guide the selection of ventilation switching points in sequential mechanical ventilation therapy for patients with COPD with respiratory failure in the acute exacerbation stage, effectively reduce the misevaluation of PIC switching points so that patients can obtain stable criteria for judgement and effectively improve the efficiency and safety of mechanical ventilation treatment for patients in the acute exacerbation stage.

https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=84762

Guidance Value of Procalcitonin Detection in Selecting Switching Points for Sequential Therapy in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Complicated by Respiratory Failure

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Effects of combining electroacupuncture with general anesthesia induced by sevoflurane in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy and improvements in their clinical recovery profile & blood enkephalin.

Association of plasma apolipoproteins and levels of inflammation-related factors with different stages of Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study

Guidance Value of Procalcitonin Detection in Selecting Switching Points for Sequential Therapy in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Complicated by Respiratory Failure