Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of organic crystalline porous materials discovered in the early 21st century that have become an attractive class of emerging materials due to their high crystallinity, intrinsic porosity, structural regularity, diverse functionality, design flexibility, and outstanding stability. However, many chemical and physical properties strongly depend on the presence of metal ions in materials for advanced applications, but metal-free COFs do not have these properties and are therefore excluded from such applications. Metalated COFs formed by combining COFs with metal ions, while retaining the advantages of COFs, have additional intriguing properties and applications, and have attracted considerable attention over the past decade. This review presents all aspects of metalated COFs, from synthetic strategies to various applications, in the hope of promoting the continued development of this young field.

Metalated covalent organic frameworks: from synthetic strategies to diverse applications.

The noble metal nanoparticle has been widely utilized as a plasmonic unit to enhance biosensors, by leveraging its electric and/or optical properties. Integrated with the "flexible" feature, it further enables opportunities in developing healthcare products in a conformal and adaptive fashion, such as wrist pulse tracers, body temperature trackers, blood glucose monitors, etc. In this work, we present a holistic review of the recent advance of flexible plasmonic biosensors for the healthcare sector. The technical spectrum broadly covers the design and selection of a flexible substrate, the process to integrate flexible and plasmonic units, the exploration of different types of flexible plasmonic biosensors to monitor human temperature, blood glucose, ions, gas, and motion indicators, as well as their applications for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and colorimetric detections. Their fundamental working principles and structural innovations are scoped and summarized. The challenges and prospects are articulated regarding the critical importance for continued progress of flexible plasmonic biosensors to improve living quality.

Flexible Plasmonic Biosensors for Healthcare Monitoring: Progress and Prospects.

Gold nanorods etching as a powerful signaling process for plasmonic multicolorimetric chemo-/biosensors: Strategies and applications

A flexible electrochemical sensor for paracetamol based on porous honeycomb-like NiCo-MOF nanosheets

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered as next-generation power sources for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and safety concerns of thermal runaway triggered by combustible battery components are still critical obstacles, severely limiting their practical application. Herein, we report a multifunctional separator composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-carbon nanotube (CNT) and Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid-modified polypropylene (PP) (denoted as DNA-CNT/MXene/PP) via a facile vacuum filtration approach. Through constructing the multi-synergistic interactions among DNA, CNT and MXene, the optimized 3D interconnected networks not only produce excellent physical plugging/chemical anchoring capability for the shuttled polysulfides and improved electrolyte wettability, but also exhibit high-temperature tolerance (even at 180 °C) and flame retardancy. Consequently, using the DNA-CNT/MXene/PP separator, the Li–S batteries exhibited outstanding ability to operate over wide temperatures range from 25 to 100 °C. Specifically, at room temperature, the sulfur cathode with the assistance of the DNA-CNT/MXene interface delivered an initial discharge capacity of 798 mAh g−1 and retained 592 mAh g−1 with an extremely low-capacity decay rate of 0.13% per cycle at 1 C. Another exciting feature of applying modified separators was that the Li–S batteries exhibited 79% capacity retention over 200 cycles at an elevated temperature of 75 °C. This paper provides an innovative concept for designing stable high-safety Li–S batteries. 

Polysulfide-inhibiting, thermotolerant and nonflammable separators enabled by DNA co-assembled CNT/MXene networks for stable high-safety Li–S batteries

p-Aminophenol (p-AP) is one of the common environmental pollutants with teratogenic effects, nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity In this study, a novel colorimetric method for quickly, sensitive and on-site detection of p-AP was developed based on target induced etching of AuNRs, which will generate colorful color changes Our investigation reveals that potassium iodate (KIO3) can be reduced by p-AP to generate iodine (I2), and I2 can etch CTAB stabilized AuNRs along the longitudinal direction As an emerging fascinating colorimetric material, LSPR extinction peak of AuNRs will shift to short wave direction with a color change from the initial tea red to brown, gray, dark green, cyan, blue, indigo, purple, purplish red and final pink Under the optimal conditions, our strategy is analytically specific and sensitive for the detection of p-AP from 05 μM to 20 μM by the naked eye, and a detection limit of 027 μM was achieved Meanwhile, this colorimetric method is used to detect p-AP in environmental water, paracetamol tablets and human urine Hence, this proposed strategy has the advantages of rapid semi-quantitative analysis of p-AP with naked eyes, simple operation and good application prospect

Semi-quantitative detection of p-Aminophenol in real samples with colorfully naked-eye assay

Currently, metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is an emerging effective technology for sensitive bio-detection. In this report, the distance between Au nanorods (Au NRs) and NIR Ag2S quantum dots (Ag2S QDs) is precisely regulated by DNA with different chain lengths. The experimental results show that the best MEF effect can be obtained when the distance is about 8 nm. Based on the result, Au NRs and Ag2S QDs were modified with DNA at specific distances, which were used for accurate detection of prostate cancer marker PCA3 with high sensitivity and selectivity. And the designed biosensor show a good linear relationship in the 5−500 pM and a low detection limit of 1.42 pM (S/N = 3) for PCA3. Importantly, the designed metal-enhanced NIR fluorescence satellite structure probe have been successfully applied for sensing PCA3 in human serum samples and lysates of prostate cancer cells (1, 5 and 10 cells), which has significant potential in the field of biosensing, biological analysis and clinical diagnosis.

DNA precisely regulated Au nanorods/Ag2S quantum dots satellite structure for ultrasensitive detection of prostate cancer biomarker

Fluorescent Nanoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks with the Theoretically Matched Redox Potential of Fe3+/Fe2+ for Monitoring of Adenosine-5′-Triphosphate in Cells

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Semi-quantitative detection of p-Aminophenol in real samples with colorfully naked-eye assay

DNA precisely regulated Au nanorods/Ag2S quantum dots satellite structure for ultrasensitive detection of prostate cancer biomarker

Fluorescent Nanoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks with the Theoretically Matched Redox Potential of Fe3+/Fe2+ for Monitoring of Adenosine-5′-Triphosphate in Cells