We present results from the JINA REACLIB project, an ongoing effort to maintain a current and accurate library of thermonuclear reaction rates for astrophysical applications. Ongoing updates are transparently documented and version tracked, and any set of rates is publicly available and can be downloaded via a Web interface at http://groups.nscl.msu.edu/jina/reaclib/db/. We discuss here our library V1.0, a snapshot of recommended rates for stable and explosive hydrogen and helium burning. We show that the updated reaction rates lead to modest but significant changes in full network, one-dimensional X-ray burst model calculations, compared with calculations with previously used reaction rate sets. The late time behavior of X-ray burst light curves shows significant changes, suggesting that the previously found small discrepancies between model calculations and observations may be solved with a better understanding of the nuclear input. Our X-ray burst model calculations are intended to serve as a benchmark for future model comparisons and sensitivity studies, as the complete underlying nuclear physics is fully documented and publicly available.

/pdf/the-jina-reaclib-database-its-recent-updates-and-impact-on-plgua9elb8.pdf

The jina reaclib database: its recent updates and impact on type-i x-ray bursts

Nuclear magic numbers: New features far from stability

A new critical survey is presented of all half-life, decay-energy, and branching-ratio measurements related to 20 superallowed ${0}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{0}^{+}\ensuremath{\beta}$ decays. Compared with our last review, there are numerous improvements: First, we have added 27 recently published measurements and eliminated 9 references, either because they have been superseded by much more precise modern results or because there are now reasons to consider them fatally flawed; of particular importance, the new data include a number of high-precision Penning-trap measurements of decay energies. Second, we have used the recently improved isospin symmetry-breaking corrections, which were motivated by these new Penning-trap results. Third, our calculation of the statistical rate function $f$ now accounts for possible excitation in the daughter atom, a small effect but one that merits inclusion at the present level of experimental precision. Finally, we have re-examined the systematic uncertainty associated with the isospin symmetry-breaking corrections by evaluating the radial-overlap correction using Hartree-Fock radial wave functions and comparing the results with our earlier calculations, which used Saxon-Woods wave functions; the provision for systematic uncertainty has been changed as a consequence. The new ``corrected'' $\mathcal{F}t$ values are impressively constant and their average, when combined with the muon lifetime, yields the up-down quark-mixing element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix, ${V}_{\mathit{ud}}=0.97425\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00022$. The unitarity test on the top row of the matrix becomes $|{V}_{\mathit{ud}}|{}^{2}+|{V}_{\mathit{us}}|{}^{2}+|{V}_{\mathit{ub}}|{}^{2}=0.99995\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00061$. Both ${V}_{\mathit{ud}}$ and the unitarity sum have significantly reduced uncertainties compared with our previous survey, although the new value of ${V}_{\mathit{ud}}$ is statistically consistent with the old one. From these data we also set limits on the possible existence of scalar interactions, right-hand currents, and extra $Z$ bosons. Finally, we discuss the priorities for future theoretical and experimental work with the goal of making the CKM unitarity test even more definitive.

/pdf/superallowed-0-0-nuclear-b-decays-a-new-survey-with-3zjkjqnl9f.pdf

Superallowed 0 + →0 + nuclear β decays: A new survey with precision tests of the conserved vector current hypothesis and the standard model

Superallowed $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay between nuclear analog states with isospin 1 and spin-parity ${0}^{+}$ offers access to fundamental tests of the properties of the electroweak interaction. With 15 such transitions precisely measured, the data collectively probe the conservation of the weak vector current, set tight limits on the presence of beyond-standard-model scalar currents, and yield the most precise value for the ${V}_{u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d}$ element of the CKM quark-mixing matrix. ${V}_{u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d}$ is a critical ingredient required to test the unitarity of that matrix. This work provides an in-depth review of the relevant nuclear physics input and connects these data to the fundamental couplings.

Superallowed 0 + → 0 + nuclear β decays: 2020 critical survey, with implications for V ud and CKM unitarity

The change in mean-square nuclear charge radii δ⟨r^{2}⟩ along the even-A tin isotopic chain ^{108-134}Sn has been investigated by means of collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE/CERN using the atomic transitions 5p^{2} ^{1}S_{0}→5p6 s^{1}P_{1} and 5p^{2} ^{3}P_{0}→5p6s ^{3}P_{1}. With the determination of the charge radius of ^{134}Sn and corrected values for some of the neutron-rich isotopes, the evolution of the charge radii across the N=82 shell closure is established. A clear kink at the doubly magic ^{132}Sn is revealed, similar to what has been observed at N=82 in other isotopic chains with larger proton numbers, and at the N=126 shell closure in doubly magic ^{208}Pb. While most standard nuclear density functional calculations struggle with a consistent explanation of these discontinuities, we demonstrate that a recently developed Fayans energy density functional provides a coherent description of the kinks at both doubly magic nuclei, ^{132}Sn and ^{208}Pb, without sacrificing the overall performance. A multiple correlation analysis leads to the conclusion that both kinks are related to pairing and surface effects.

Laser Spectroscopy of Neutron-Rich Tin Isotopes: A Discontinuity in Charge Radii across the N=82 Shell Closure

A high-precision direct Penning trap mass measurement has revealed a 0.5-MeV deviation of the binding energy of (134)Sn from the currently accepted value. The corrected mass assignment of this neutron-rich nuclide restores the neutron-shell gap at N=82, previously considered to be a case of "shell quenching." In fact, the new shell gap value for the short-lived (132)Sn is larger than that of the doubly magic (48)Ca which is stable. The N=82 shell gap has considerable impact on fission recycling during the r process. More generally, the new finding has important consequences for microscopic mean-field theories which systematically deviate from the measured binding energies of closed-shell nuclides.

/pdf/restoration-of-the-n-82-shell-gap-from-direct-mass-2ov3n3tmba.pdf

Restoration of the N=82 shell gap from direct mass measurements of Sn-132,Sn-134

Frequency ratio measurements with different combinations of the singly charged ions from 21, 22, 23Na , 22, 24Mg , and 37, 39K were performed at the on-line Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP, CERN, Geneva. The masses and mass differences were deduced with a relative uncertainty of about or even below one part in 108 for the ions of interest using a least-squares analysis of all measured relations. The results have direct consequences for weak-interaction study as they give additional input to the test of CVC, and for nuclear astrophysics, because they help to establish the minimum observable signal for a NeNa cycle in a nova burst. We report here about the measurements and the detailed evaluation.

Mass measurements and evaluation around A = 22

The atomic masses of the neutron-deficient radioactive rubidium isotopes {sup 74-77,79,80,83}Rb have been measured with the Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP. Using the time-of-flight cyclotron resonance technique, relative mass uncertainties ranging from 1.6x10{sup -8} to 5.6x10{sup -8} were achieved. In all cases, the mass precision was significantly improved as compared with the prior Atomic-Mass Evaluation; no significant deviations from the literature values were observed. The exotic nuclide {sup 74}Rb, with a half-life of only 65 ms, is the shortest-lived nuclide on which a high-precision mass measurement in a Penning trap has been carried out. The significance of these measurements for a check of the conserved-vector-current hypothesis of the weak interaction and the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix is discussed.

/pdf/high-precision-masses-of-neutron-deficient-rubidium-isotopes-4gwyhbztym.pdf

High-precision masses of neutron-deficient rubidium isotopes using a Penning trap mass spectrometer

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Restoration of the N=82 shell gap from direct mass measurements of Sn-132,Sn-134

Mass measurements and evaluation around A = 22

High-precision masses of neutron-deficient rubidium isotopes using a Penning trap mass spectrometer