The invention of ubiquitous computing and increase of portable devices have raised the importance of mobile and wireless networking. Wireless networking is an emerging technology that makes the users to access data and services electronically, irrespective of their geographic location. Wireless network is a data communication system, which uses electromagnetic waves to transmit and receive information via air as medium from one place to another place. Basically wireless networks are classified into two types: infrastructure-based networks and infrastructure-less (ad-hoc) networks. Infrastructure-based networks have fixed BSs called access points which are connected by wires. The mobile nodes communicate with the BS via wireless link when it is inside the communication range of it. When the mobile node moves out of the communication range of a BS, it makes the connection with the other base station for communication. Cellular phone system, wireless local area networks (WLAN), paging systems are some of the example of

Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT), which aims to achieve ubiquitous communication among a large number of resource constraint embedded devices, has emerged as a new paradigm in the field of wireless communications. Enabling the IoT essentially requires thousands of low-power and low cost embedded devices to be efficiently and seamlessly interconnected. Consequently, routing protocols play a crucial role in providing the interoperability for IoT components. In order to turn IoT into reality, IETF has standardized the IPv6 Routing Protocols for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL). As the pervasiveness of RPL increases, a comprehensive survey of RPL is crucial to pave the way for researchers to understand and contribute in the relevant research area of RPL. Therefore, in this paper, we present a comprehensive study of RPL protocol as well as its latest and standardized addition, i.e., point-to-point RPL (P2P-RPL). Specifically, this paper focuses on performance evaluations, research challenges and envisioned opportunities of RPL. In addition, we also introduce a NS-3 framework design of RPL and P2P-RPL protocols. Furthermore, extensive simulation studies are conducted across various scenarios to demonstrate the flexibility and effectiveness of RPL and P2P-RPL protocols. Moreover, research gaps and challenges facing in RPL and P2P-RPL protocols are also addressed. Finally, we summarize the paper by providing valuable insights of enabling technologies and suggestions for future research.

A comprehensive study of RPL and P2P-RPL routing protocols: Implementation, challenges and opportunities

The emergence of low-cost and mature technologies in wireless communication, visual sensor devices, and digital signal processing facilitate of wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSN). Like sensor networks which respond to sensory information such as temperature and humidity, WMSN interconnects autonomous devices for capturing and processing video and audio sensory information. This survey highlights the following topics (1) a summary of applications and challenges of WMSN; (2) an overview of advanced coding techniques for WMSN, including video and audio source coding, and distributed coding techniques; (3) a survey of WMSN communication protocols, including routing techniques and physical layer standards; and (4) a summary of Quality-of-Service (QoS) and security aspects of WMSN.

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

A novel agent-based approach to detect sinkhole attacks in wireless sensor networks

Military tactics in agent-based sinkhole attack detection for wireless ad hoc networks

In this paper, we present a comparison of four wireless sensor network protocols: MultiHopRouter, TinyAODV (ad-hoc on-demand distance-vector), GF (greedy forwarding), and GF-RSSI (greedy forward with received signal strength indication). Performance measurement was conducted on a wireless sensor network testbed for medical application research. Based on our measurements, GF-RSSI performs well in various operating conditions. Especially, it shows a high success rate of packet delivery and moderate energy consumption

A Comparison of Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocols on an Experimental Testbed

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A Comparison of Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocols on an Experimental Testbed