Recurrence and metastasis are the leading causes of tumour-related death in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Tumour-infiltrating natural killer cells (NK cells) display powerful cytotoxicity to tumour cells and play a pivotal role in tumour therapy. However, the phenotype and functional regulation of NK cells in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains largely unknown. Single cell suspensions from blood and tissue samples were isolated by physical dissociation and filtering through a 70 μm cell strainer. Flow cytometry was applied to profile the activity and function of NK cells, and an antibody chip experiment was used to identify and quantitate cytokine levels. We studied IL-6 and IL-8 function in primary oesophageal squamous carcinoma and NK cell co-cultures in vitro and by a xenograft tumour model in vivo. Western blotting was used to quantitate STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and p-STAT3 levels. Finally, we performed an IHC array to analyse IL-6/IL-8 (interleukin 6/interleukin 8) expression in 103 pairs of tumours and matched adjacent tissues of patients with ESCC to elucidate the correlation between IL-6 or IL-8 and clinical characteristics. The percentages of NK cells in both peripheral blood and tumour tissues from patients with ESCC were significantly increased in comparison with those in the controls and correlated with the clinical characteristics. Furthermore, the decrease in activating receptors and increase in inhibitory receptors on the surface of tumour-infiltrating NK cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. The level of granzyme B, the effector molecule of tumour-infiltrating NK cells, was also decreased. Mechanistically, primary ESCC cells activated the STAT3 signalling pathway on NK cells through IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, leading to the downregulation of activating receptors (NKp30 and NKG2D) on the surface of NK cells. An ex vivo study showed that blockade of STAT3 attenuated the IL-6/IL-8-mediated impairment of NK cell function. Moreover, the expression of IL-6 or IL-8 in tumour tissues was validated by immunohistochemistry to be positively correlated with tumour progression and poor survival, respectively. Tumour cell-secreted IL-6 and IL-8 impair the activity and function of NK cells via STAT3 signalling and contribute to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma malignancy.

/pdf/il-6-and-il-8-secreted-by-tumour-cells-impair-the-function-2mjzjx8p9h.pdf

IL-6 and IL-8 secreted by tumour cells impair the function of NK cells via the STAT3 pathway in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1116&context=bio_fac

An ecotoxicological approach to microplastics on terrestrial and aquatic organisms: A systematic review in assessment, monitoring and biological impact

Enhanced biomethanization of waste polylactic acid plastic by mild hydrothermal pretreatment: Taguchi orthogonal optimization and kinetics modeling

Quantum states and intertwining phases in kagome materials

We report the first nitrogen-containing iron-pnictide superconductor ThFeAsN, which is synthesized by a solid-state reaction in an evacuated container. The compound crystallizes in a ZrCuSiAs-type structure with the space group P4/nmm and lattice parameters a=4.0367(1) A and c=8.5262(2) A at 300 K. The electrical resistivity and dc magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate superconductivity at 30 K for the nominally undoped ThFeAsN.

A New ZrCuSiAs-Type Superconductor: ThFeAsN

Unlike the widely studied ReFeAsO series, the newly discovered iron-based superconductor ThFeAsN exhibits a remarkably high critical temperature of 30 K, without chemical doping or external pressure. Here we investigate in detail its magnetic and superconducting properties via muon-spin rotation/relaxation ($\mu$SR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and show that ThFeAsN exhibits strong magnetic fluctuations, suppressed below 35 K, but no magnetic order. This contrasts strongly with the ReFeAsO series, where stoichiometric parent materials order antiferromagnetically and superconductivity appears only upon doping. The ThFeAsN case indicates that Fermi-surface modifications due to structural distortions and correlation effects are as important as doping in inducing superconductivity. The direct competition between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity, which in ThFeAsN (as in LiFeAs) occurs at already zero doping, may indicate a significant deviation of the $s$-wave superconducting gap in this compound from the standard $s^{\pm}$ scenario.

/pdf/high-t-mathrm-c-superconductivity-in-undoped-thfeasn-3zftyts8fq.pdf

High-$T_\mathrm{c}$ superconductivity in undoped ThFeAsN

Abstract Magnetic topological phases of quantum matter are an emerging frontier in physics and materials science, of which kagome magnets appear as a highly promising platform. Here, we explore magnetic correlations in the recently identified topological kagome system TbMn 6 Sn 6 using muon spin rotation, combined with local field analysis and neutron diffraction. Our studies identify an out-of-plane ferrimagnetic structure with slow magnetic fluctuations which exhibit a critical slowing down below $${T}_{{{{{{{{\rm{C1}}}}}}}}}^{* }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C1</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math> ≃ 120 K and finally freeze into static patches with ideal out-of-plane order below T C1 ≃ 20 K. We further show that hydrostatic pressure of 2.1 GPa stabilises the static out-of-plane topological ferrimagnetic ground state in the whole volume of the sample. Therefore the exciting perspective arises of a magnetically-induced topological system whose magnetism can be controlled through external parameters. The present results will stimulate theoretical investigations to obtain a microscopic understanding of the relation between the low-temperature volume-wise magnetic evolution of the static c -axis ferrimagnetic patches and the topological electronic properties in TbMn 6 Sn 6 . 

/pdf/low-temperature-magnetic-crossover-in-the-topological-kagome-2l9pqo7y.pdf

Low-temperature magnetic crossover in the topological kagome magnet TbMn6Sn6

We report the static and dynamical properties of a newly discovered $S=2$ kagome antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{CsMn}}_{3}{\mathrm{F}}_{6}{({\mathrm{SeO}}_{3})}_{2}$. By combining dc and ac magnetic susceptibilities, specific heat, electron spin resonance (ESR), and muon spin relaxation ($\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$), we identify two characteristic temperatures ${T}^{*}=8$ K and $T=|{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}_{\text{CW}}|=49(1)$ K, thereby three distinct regimes: a paramagnetic, a cooperative paramagnetic, and a quasistatic ordered state. At high temperature ($T&gt;|{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}_{\text{CW}}|$), the ac susceptibility and ESR linewidth show a power-law dependence, reflecting short-range spin-spin correlations of the paramagnetic ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ ions. In the cooperative paramagnetic regime (${T}^{*}&lt;T&lt;|{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}}_{\text{CW}}|$), the ESR signals evince the development of dichotomic spin correlations, which is interpreted in terms of the distinct timescales of in-plane and out-of-plane spin fluctuations. Remarkably, we observe a broad maximum at the characteristic temperature scale of ${T}_{\text{cl}}=20$ K ($\ensuremath{\approx}|{J}_{\text{cl}}|$) in the specific heat and ESR results, suggesting short-range ordering. At low temperatures below ${T}^{*}$, the $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ data suggest the presence of dynamically fluctuating fields with partially frozen moments, consistent with the absence of long-range order evidenced by specific heat and magnetic susceptibility data. A magnetic behavior that depends on the chosen time window points to the presence of multiple timescales and temporally anisotropic spin correlations, as predicted for a classical kagome antiferromagnet. 

/pdf/timescale-distributions-of-spin-fluctuations-in-the-mml-math-1to547b4.pdf

Timescale distributions of spin fluctuations in the 
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>
 kagome antiferromagnet 
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi mat

Unlike the widely studied ReFeAsO series, the newly discovered iron-based superconductor ThFeAsN exhibits a remarkably high critical temperature of 30 K, without chemical doping or external pressure. Here we investigate in detail its magnetic and superconducting properties via muon-spin rotation/relaxation and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and show that ThFeAsN exhibits strong magnetic fluctuations, suppressed below ~35 K, but no magnetic order. This contrasts strongly with the ReFeAsO series, where stoichiometric parent materials order antiferromagnetically and superconductivity appears only upon doping. The ThFeAsN case indicates that Fermi-surface modifications due to structural distortions and correlation effects are as important as doping in inducing superconductivity. The direct competition between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity, which in ThFeAsN (as in LiFeAs) occurs at already zero doping, may indicate a significant deviation of the s-wave superconducting gap in this compound from the standard s
 ± scenario. Exploring the interplay between the superconducting gap and the antiferromagnetic phase in Fe-based superconductors remains an open issue. Here, the authors show that Fermi-surface modifications by means of structural distortions and correlation effects are as important as doping in inducing superconductivity in undoped ThFeAsN.

/pdf/high-t-c-superconductivity-in-undoped-thfeasn-9vod9hqgsl.pdf

High-T c superconductivity in undoped ThFeAsN

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High-$T_\mathrm{c}$ superconductivity in undoped ThFeAsN

Low-temperature magnetic crossover in the topological kagome magnet TbMn6Sn6

Timescale distributions of spin fluctuations in the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> kagome antiferromagnet <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi mat

High-T c superconductivity in undoped ThFeAsN