This review describes medium and high molecular weight organic material found in wastewaters from pulp and paper industry. The aim is to review the versatile pollutants and the analysis methods for their determination. Among other pollutants, biocides, extractives, and lignin-derived compounds are major contributors to harmful effects, such as toxicity, of industrial wastewaters. Toxicity of wastewaters from pulp and paper mills is briefly evaluated including the methods for toxicity analyses. Traditionally, wastewater purification includes mechanical treatment followed by chemical and/or biological treatment processes. A variety of methods are available for the purification of industrial wastewaters, including aerobic and anaerobic processes. However, some fractions of organic material, such as lignin and its derivatives, are difficult to degrade. Therefore, novel chemical methods, including electrochemical and oxidation processes, have been developed for separate use or in combination with biological treatment processes.

/pdf/refractory-organic-pollutants-and-toxicity-in-pulp-and-paper-2a95r31gsz.pdf

Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters

A review on catalytic oxidation of chloroaromatics from flue gas

The development of efficient technologies to prevent the emission of hazardous chlorinated organics from industrial sources without forming harmful by-products, such as dioxins, is a major challenge in environmental chemistry. Herein, we developed a new hydrolytic destruction route for efficient chlorinated organics elimination and demonstrated that phosphoric acid modified CeO2 (HP-CeO2) can hydrolytically destruct chlorobenzene (CB) without forming polychlorinated congeners under the industry-relevant reaction conditions. The active site and origin of hydrolysis reactivity of HP-CeO2 were probed, which showed the surface phosphate groups can hydrolytically react with CB and water to form phenol and HCl, thus facilitating the chlorine desorption and ensuring a continual O2 activation. Subsequent density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed a distinctly decreased formation energy of oxygen vacancy nearest (VO-1) and next-nearest (VO-2) to the bonded phosphate groups, which led to a significantly improved oxidizing ability of the catalyst. Significantly, no toxic dioxins were detected from the hydrolysis destruction of CB, which has been frequently cited as a significant challenge to avoid in the conventional oxidation route. This work not only reports an efficient route and corresponding phosphate active site for chlorinated organics elimination, but also illustrates that rational design of reaction route can solve some of the most important challenges in environmental catalysis.

/pdf/efficient-elimination-of-chlorinated-organics-on-a-2vr1l9gzuz.pdf

Efficient Elimination of Chlorinated Organics on a Phosphoric Acid Modified CeO2 Catalyst: A Hydrolytic Destruction Route

A convenient synthesis of core-shell Co3O4@ZSM-5 catalysts for the total oxidation of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2)

Characterization of CrOx/Al2O3 catalysts for dichloromethane oxidation

Legislation with respect to dioxins in the workplace

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Legislation with respect to dioxins in the workplace