Engineered nano particles: Nature, behavior, and effect on the environment.

Application of multiple-path particle dosimetry model for quantifying age specified deposition of particulate matter in human airway.

PM2.5 induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro

Assessment of indoor air exposure at residential homes: Inhalation dose and lung deposition of PM10, PM2.5 and ultrafine particles among newborn children and their mothers.

Second-hand aerosol from tobacco and electronic cigarettes: Evaluation of the smoker emission rates and doses and lung cancer risk of passive smokers and vapers.

Aerosol pollution in urban environments has been recognized to be responsible for important pathologies of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In this perspective, great attention has been addressed to Ultra Fine Particles (UFPs < 100 nm), because they efficiently penetrate into the respiratory system and are capable of translocating from the airways into the blood circulation. This paper describes the aerosol regional doses deposited in the human respiratory system in a high-traffic urban area. The aerosol measurements were carried out on a curbside in downtown Rome, on a street characterized by a high density of autovehicular traffic. Aerosol number-size distributions were measured by means of a Fast Mobility Particle Sizer in the range from 5.6 to 560 nm with a 1 s time resolution. Dosimetry estimates were performed with the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model by means of the stochastic lung model. The exposure scenario close to traffic is represented by a sequence of short-term peak exposures: about 6.6 × 1010 particles are deposited hourly into the respiratory system. After 1 h of exposure in proximity of traffic, 1.29 × 1010, 1.88 × 1010, and 3.45 × 1010 particles are deposited in the head, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions. More than 95 % of such doses are represented by UFPs. Finally, according to the greater dose estimated, the right lung lobes are expected to be more susceptible to respiratory pathologies than the left lobes.

Traffic aerosol lobar doses deposited in the human respiratory system.

Introduction: several epidemiological studies have already highlighted the effects that fine atmospheric particulate matter has on health in terms of increasing mortality, hospital admissions and also respiratory diseases in the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study is to assess the possible correlation between inhalation of fine fraction of particulate matter missing in the air and disease outbreaks in vitreoretinal tract in the workplace of ILVA steel plant in Taranto. Materials and methods: from June 2013 to December 2014 were examined both 57 male individuals aged between 25 and 58 years, working at the ILVA steel plant in Taranto and 52 male individuals aged between 25 and 58 who were just residents in the city of Taranto. For each of them a complete eye examination was performed with particular reference to the posterior segment of the eye (indirect ophthalmoscopy with Schepens unit). All the examined individuals had visual acuity perfectly normal and no optic nerve lesion. All the general and ocular medical history revealed no pre-existing conditions worthy of note. It was then conducted a statistical analysis of the data obtained by means of a chi-squared test by applying the correction according to Yates, which is appropriately used when the number of observations is less than 500. The significance level considered was 5%. Therefore, they were considered statistically significant values of p <0.05. Results: during this work, statistical significance were highlighted between the two groups examined. The workers examined in 84% of cases have retinal disorders; 27% individuals had retinal disorders among residents examined in the city of Taranto. Discussion: from the resulting data can be assumed that micro-respiratory bronchiole blockages can lead to gridlock and consequent retinal venous congestion.

Investigation on the correlations between vitreo-retinal disorders and atmospheric particulate matter in individuals working in Taranto

Impact of lachrymal film's alterations and corneal sensibility on fine particle exposure

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Papers

Traffic aerosol lobar doses deposited in the human respiratory system.

Investigation on the correlations between vitreo-retinal disorders and atmospheric particulate matter in individuals working in Taranto

Impact of lachrymal film's alterations and corneal sensibility on fine particle exposure