Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to conditions of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma. It has also been associated with a wide variety of non–gastrointestinal tract conditions. However, the evidence in support of H pylori infection as a cause of the non–gastrointestinal tract conditions is not widely understood. We reviewed the medical literature for publications and abstracts dealing with putative non–gastrointestinal tract associations of H pylori infection. We appraised the level of evidence and applied it to an established set of 9 criteria for determining causation. We found that many studies examining a possible causal relationship have been uncontrolled or inadequately controlled. Studies have often failed to control for socioeconomic status. Studies of treating H pylori infection in patients with these disorders have been poorly designed and inappropriately controlled, and therefore add little to the evidence base. Attention should be focused on appropriate testing for and treatment of H pylori infection in patients with conditions that are of proven association, notably peptic ulcer disease.

/pdf/non-gastrointestinal-tract-associations-of-helicobacter-817s8sgl20.pdf

Non–Gastrointestinal Tract Associations of Helicobacter pylori Infection: What Is the Evidence?

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography–Related Adverse Events: General Overview

https://www.giejournal.org/article/S0016-5107(06)03233-0/pdf

Injection therapies for variceal bleeding disorders of the GI tract.

Drug-induced liver injury network

This book, edited by Peter Cotton and Joseph Leung, is the latest comprehensive review of ERCP techniques and their applications. Apart from the two editors, whose expertise in this area is universally acknowledged, many other worldwide specialists have contributed to it. The idea of having a print version as well as an ‘e-book’ version reflects the acceleration of our world, with the need for continuous updating. The necessity for such a review is underlined by the growing demands concerning ERCP training and acquiring competence in this area. As a gastroenterologist being trained in ERCP myself, I perceived this book from that viewpoint.

Advanced Digestive Endoscopy: ERCP

Background and Study Aims: Hemorrhage is one of the most common severe complications after endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and the mortality after surgical treatment can be as high as 50 %. We prospectively evaluated the effect of injection treatment in nine patients with appreciable hemorrhage after ES. Patients and Methods: Bleeding was detected immediately after ES in five patients and 48, 72, 120 and 216 hours after the procedure in the remaining four. Patients were treated with a combined injection of epinephrine and polidocanol (1-3 and 3-6 ml, respectively) into the bleeding site. Results: Treatment was effective in arresting hemorrhage in all cases. Two patients had abnormal clotting tests, which emphasizes the importance of identifying risk factors for hemorrhage before ES. No patient required operation and there were no late complications related to the injection during a mean follow-up period of six months. Conclusions: Our results suggest that bleeding after sphincterotomy can be safely and effectively controlled by a combined epinephrine and polidocanol injection, thereby avoiding operation.

Injection treatment of hemorrhage induced by endoscopic sphincterotomy.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS\nHemorrhage is one of the most common severe complications after endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and the mortality after surgical treatment can be as high as 50%. We prospectively evaluated the effect of injection treatment in nine patients with appreciable hemorrhage after ES.\n\n\nPATIENTS AND METHODS\nBleeding was detected immediately after ES in five patients and 48, 72, 120 and 216 hours after the procedure in the remaining four. Patients were treated with a combined injection of epinephrine and polidocanol (1-3 and 3-6 ml, respectively) into the bleeding site.\n\n\nRESULTS\nTreatment was effective in arresting hemorrhage in all cases. Two patients had abnormal clotting tests, which emphasizes the importance of identifying risk factors for hemorrhage before ES. No patient required operation and there were no late complications related to the injection during a mean follow-up period of six months.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nOur results suggest that bleeding after sphincterotomy can be safely and effectively controlled by a combined epinephrine and polidocanol injection, thereby avoiding operation.

Injection treatment of hemorrhage induced by endoscopic sphincterotomy : reply to the letter of mosca and galasso

Helicobacter pylori, hiperammonemia and subclinical portosystemic encephalopathy: Effects of eradication

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Injection treatment of hemorrhage induced by endoscopic sphincterotomy.

Injection treatment of hemorrhage induced by endoscopic sphincterotomy : reply to the letter of mosca and galasso

Helicobacter pylori, hiperammonemia and subclinical portosystemic encephalopathy: Effects of eradication