The electrode array is a device for making multiple electrical contacts with cellular tissue or organs. The electrode array includes a base (1), a two dimensional array of conducting protuberances (2) arising from the base and serving as electrodes, and conductors (3) embedded onto the base and connected to such protuberances for transmitting electrical signals to and/or from the protuberances. The protuberances may also include an insulating layer (15) which covers either the entire protuberance or which leaves the tips exposed for making focused electrical contact. Electrode arrays may be used used singly or in combination with a second electrode array so as to form a sandwich around a target tissue. The sandwich electrode array (16, 17) may employ indexing cones for aligning the opposing electrode arrays and for limiting their vertical proximity. The conductors of the electrode array may be electronically connected or coupled to processing circuitry which amplifies and analyzes the signal received from the tissue and/or which generates signals which are sent to the target tissue and possibly coordinates the generated signals with signals which originate with the tissue.

Electrode array for use in connection with a living body and method of manufacture

A very small electrode array is disclosed, having numerous, small, sharp, conductive protuberances (needles) which penetrate nerves, organs, muscle or other body part for sensing the electrical activity therein or to provide electrical stimulation. The protuberances are carried on a base and there is included electrical conductors connecting the protuberances to terminals, such as bonding pads, for connection to other electrical circuits. Thus, a method of connecting to living tissue is disclosed. Also, a method of manufacture of an electrode array and associated circuitry is disclosed.

Method of making an electrode array

A matrix-addressed flat panel display is described, utilizing cathodes of the field emission type. The cathodes are incorporated into the display backing structure, and energize corresponding cathodoluminescent areas on a face plate. The face plate is spaced 40 microns from the cathode arrangement in the preferred embodiment, and a vacuum is provided in the space between the plate and such cathodes. Spacers in the form of legs interspersed among the pixels maintain the spacing, and electrical connections for the bases of the cathodes are diffused sections through the backing structure.

Matrix-addressed flat panel display

A chemical mechanical polishing process for the formation of self-aligned gate structures surrounding an electron emission tip for use in field emission displays in which the emission tip is i) optionally sharpened through oxidation, ii) deposited with a conformal insulating material, iii) deposited with a flowable insulating material, which is reflowed below the level of the tip, iv) optionally deposited with another insulating material, v) deposited with a conductive material layer, and vi) optionally, deposited with a buffering material, vii) planarized with a chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) step, to expose the conformal insulating layer, viii) wet etched to remove the insulating material and thereby expose the emission tip, afterwhich ix) the emitter tip may be coated with a material having a lower work function than silicon.

Method to form self-aligned gate structures around cold cathode emitter tips using chemical mechanical polishing technology

An electric field emission device comprises an electrode that includes a layer comprising a dense array of discrete, solid microstructures disposed on at least a portion of one or more surfaces of a substrate, the microstructures having an areal number density of greater than 107/cm2, the microstructures being individually conformally overcoated with one or more layers of an electron emitting material, the overcoated electron emitting material being disposed on at least a portion of the microstructures and has a surface morphology which is nanoscopically rough. A method for preparing the electrode used in the invention is disclosed.

Field emission device having nanostructured emitters

Vacuum devices incorporate electron or field forming sources formed by a cellular array of emission sites. The sources comprise a metal/insulator/metal film sandwich on a substrate with a cellular array of holes through the upper metal and insulator, leaving the edges of the upper metal electrode effectively exposed to the upper surface of the lower metal electrode. Sharp protuberances directed toward the upper electrode and constituting emitter tips of controlled configurations are formed on the exposed area of the lower electrode. A method of forming the structure includes starting with the metal/insulator/metal film sandwich having the cellular array of holes already formed and directing permanent electrode material into the cellular array of holes and masking or subsequently removable material onto the surface surrounding the holes whereby an individual sharp cone-like emitter is formed within each of the holes in the cellular array. Vacuum devices are formed from such structures. For example, a diode is formed either by making the masking material over each emission site an electrode or by removing the masking material and applying a conductive electrode material over each emission site.

Field emission cathode structures and devices utilizing such structures

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Field emission cathode structures and devices utilizing such structures