Multi-decadal variations in delta shorelines and their relationship to river sediment supply: An assessment and review

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03024569/document

Microplastic fluxes in a large and a small Mediterranean river catchments: The Têt and the Rhône, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02356815/document

Patterns of trace metal bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in a phytoplankton-zooplankton-small pelagic fish marine food web.

Abstract An array of six time series sediment traps and current meters was deployed in water depths of 2300 and 3000 m on two bottom-mounted moorings along the axis of the Cap-Ferret Canyon, a large depression in the southeastern part of the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic), as part of the ECOMARGE Atlantic experiment ECOFER. The 14-month experiment consisted of three successive deployments during which particle fluxes were collected over sampling periods of 16–27 d. Two large-aperture traps also were deployed to measure fluxes at a faster sampling rate (4–7 d). The recovered samples were analyzed for total mass, concentration of major constituents (organic and inorganic carbon, opal), activity of 210 Pb (Radakovitch O., Heussner S., 1999. Fluxes and budget of 210 Pb on the continental margin of the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic). Deep-Sea Research II 46, 2175–2203) and coccoliths (Beaufort L., Heussner S., 1999. Coccolithophorids on the continental slope of the Bay of Biscay – production, transport and contribution to mass fluxes. Deep-Sea Research II 46, 2147–2174). The temporal pattern of the major constituent fluxes essentially matched that of the total mass, suggesting that, in general, particle transfer to the slope is largely driven by events acting on the same time scale. The temporal variability of the measured concentrations and fluxes lacked in any obvious connection with large-scale driving forces, either external (wind, river discharge) or internal (biological production), which all exhibited a marked seasonal signal. The rapid changes of particle transfer, largely non-seasonal, is in contrast with most other ocean margin trap experiments. On the other hand, indications were found that the variability of mass fluxes could be controlled by the along-slope current, and particularly by its short-term fluctuations. These dynamical processes could be responsible for significant changes in the dispersion of the settling particles and hence of the resultant flux changes. The spatial distribution of annual mean fluxes – from 498 (380 m) to 1477 mg m −2 d −1 (2250 m) at the shallower site, and from 328 (1900 m) to 459 mg m −2 d −1 (2950 m) at the deeper site – exhibited a linear increase with increasing depth and a seaward decrease at equivalent depth or distance from the bottom. Such a distribution, typical of continental slope environments, requires inputs of material through lateral advection. The increased homogeneity of the bulk chemical composition of settling particles with increasing water depth and total mass flux indicates that such inputs are largely provided by resuspended material with quite constant characteristics, largely originating from the Bay of Biscay's shelf and upper slope. Due to the general northward, along-slope current, the sources are preferentially located south of the Cap-Ferret Canyon. A particle transfer scenario for this region is proposed that, in particular, calls for a basic mechanism of upstream–downstream concentration gradients in the sources of settling particles to explain the increase in flux with depth.

PART I―HYDROLOGY & BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF THE WATER COLUMN-Spatial and temporal patterns of downward particle fluxes on the continental slope of the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic)

The Ocean D r i l l i n g Program recently completed its f i r s t 14' c ru i se s (28 mon ths ) o f s c i en t i f i c o c e a n d r i l l i n g b y a d d r e s s i n g i m p o r t a n t s c i e n t i f i c problems i n t h e r e g i o n s of the Bahamas, I b e r i a n Margin, Norwegian Sea, Baffin Bay, Labrador Sea, Kane Frac ture Zone, Tyrhennian Sea, Northwest African Margin, Barbados Forearc, Galapagos, Peru Margin, Weddell Sea, and Southern South Atlantic Ocean. During this per iod , the s h i p ' s d r i l l i n g systems as w e l l as t h e s h i p b o a r d s c i e n t i f i c laboratory complex have undergone a thorough t e s t ing , w i th mod i f i ca t ions made as required. W e r e p o r t h e r e the s c i e n t i f i c o b j e c t i v e s of our forthcoming 16-month Indian O c e a n campaign.

The Ocean Drilling Program

Riverine transfer of anthropogenic and natural trace metals to the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean Sea)

he IGUANES cruise took place in May 2013 on the R/V L'Atalante along the Demerara passive transform margin off French Guiana and Surinam. Seismic, multibeam and chirp acquisitions were made. Piston cores were collected for pore geochemistry and sedimentology. A mooring was deployed on the sea-bottom for 10 months (temperature, salinity, turbidity and current measurements). This new dataset highlights the lateral variability of the 350 km-long Guiana–Surinam transform margin due to the presence of a releasing bend between two transform segments. The adjacent Demerara Plateau is affected by a 350 km-long giant slide complex. This complex initiated in Cretaceous times and was regularly reactivated until recent times. Since the Miocene, contourite processes seem to be active due to the onset of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) bottom current. A main NADW water vein flows towards SE, eroding slide headscarps and allowing the deposition of contourite drifts. Numerous depressions looking like comet tails or comet scours record this flow. Some of those were interpreted before the cruise as active pockmarks. Pore geochemistry and core analysis do not show any evidence of present-day gas seepage.

/pdf/structure-of-the-demerara-passive-transform-margin-and-bd8odzik48.pdf

Structure of the Demerara passive-transform margin and associated sedimentary processes. Initial results from the IGUANES cruise

In order to calculate budgets of particulate matter and sediment-bound contaminants leaving the continental shelf of the Gulf of Lion (GoL), settling particles were collected in March 2011 during a major storm, using sediment traps. The collecting devices were deployed in the Cap de Creus submarine canyon, which represents the main export route. Particulate matter samples were analyzed to obtain mass fluxes and contents in organic carbon, Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and La, Nd and Sm. The natural or anthropogenic origin of trace metals was assessed using enrichment factors (EFs). Results are that Zn, Cu and Pb appeared to be of anthropogenic origin, whereas Ni, Co and Cr appeared to be strictly natural. The anthropogenic contribution of all elements (except Cd) was refined by acid-leaching (HCl 1 N) techniques, confirming that Zn, Cu and Pb are the elements that are the most enriched. However, although those elements are highly labile (59–77 %), they do not reflect severe enrichment (EFs <4). Most particles originate from the Rhone River. This has been confirmed by two different tracing procedures using rare earth elements ratios and concentrations of acid-leaching residual trace metals. Our results hence indicate that even in this western extremity of the GoL, storm events mainly export Rhone-derived particles via the Cap de Creus submarine canyons to the deep-sea environments. This export of material is significant as it represents about a third of the annual PTM input from the Rhone River.

Storm-induced transfer of particulate trace metals to the deep-sea in the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean Sea)

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Riverine transfer of anthropogenic and natural trace metals to the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean Sea)

Structure of the Demerara passive-transform margin and associated sedimentary processes. Initial results from the IGUANES cruise

Storm-induced transfer of particulate trace metals to the deep-sea in the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean Sea)