Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Black Sea and Caucasus

Abstract Deepwater hydrocarbon exploration drilling only began in the Black Sea less than 20 years ago, primarily because of the economical/technological challenges associated with mobilizing suitable rigs through the Bosporus. However, to date (end 2017), c. 20 deepwater wells have now been drilled, targeting a large variety of plays in this underexplored basin. The deepwater wells drilled to date are categorized by their main play objectives, within either the sag/post-rift or syn-rift basin fill of the Black Sea. The sag/post-rift play types have proven to be more successful, finding either biogenic gas in Miocene to Pliocene reservoirs associated with the Paleo-Danube and Paleo-Dnieper/Dniester or oil in Oligocene deepwater siliciclastic systems. Syn-rift or early post-rift plays, in contrast, assumed mostly shallow water carbonate reservoir targets. Only one well targeted pre-rift stratigraphy. Most of the exploration failures to date are directly related to the lack of reservoir at the targeted stratigraphic levels. However, the recent discoveries have underlined the presence of at least two active and effective petroleum systems that cover large parts of the deepwater Black Sea Basin.

History of deepwater exploration in the Black Sea and an overview of deepwater petroleum play types

Abstract We provide a synthesis of stratigraphic data to unravel the history of the geological evolution of South Crimea in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The South Crimea Orogen consists of three major mega-sequences: (1) the Triassic–Early Jurassic; (2) the Aalenian–Bathonian; and (3) the Callovian–Eocene. The Late Triassic–Early Jurassic deposits formed in the environment of a forearc basin and a remnant basin. The Aalenian–Bathonian deposits formed above subduction extension and a volcanic belt. Three main Callovian–Eocene tectonic units can be identified in South Crimea: (1) the South Crimean Shelf Basin; (2) the Sudak Deepwater Trough; and (3) the Alchak–Kaya Shelf Basin at the northern margin of the Shatsky Ridge. The Oligocene–Quaternary deposits are considered to be syn-orogenic. A description of the anticipated stratigraphic units on the Shatsky Ridge is suggested for the Middle Jurassic, Callovian–Late Jurassic, Neocomian, Aptian–Albian, Late Cretaceous–Paleocene, Eocene and Maykopian. We propose a model for the geological history of the Eastern Black Sea Basin. Graben formed during the Late Barremian–Albian at the location of the future Eastern Black Sea Basin and a phase of volcanism occurred in the Albian. The main phase of rifting and spreading of oceanic crust took place during Cenomanian–Santonian time. Supplementary material: A Google Earth kmz file of the location of the outcrops and sections is available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18850

Mesozoic to recent geological history of southern Crimea and the Eastern Black Sea region

Petroleum provinces of the paratethyan region

/pdf/testing-models-of-cenozoic-exhumation-in-the-western-greater-3f60hm8r5p.pdf

Testing Models of Cenozoic Exhumation in the Western Greater Caucasus

Abstract The Rioni Basin is an underexplored petroliferous basin located at the Georgian margin of the Black Sea flanked by two folded belts (the Greater Caucasus and the Achara–Trialet Belt). Whereas the stratigraphy of the northern onshore Rioni Basin has elements which are common with that of the offshore Shatsky Ridge, the southern onshore Rioni Basin segment is both stratigraphically and structurally akin to the offshore Gurian folded belt in the eastern Black Sea. In the northern basin segment, the existing oil fields (East and West Chaladidi) and an undeveloped oil discovery (Okumi) are related to either post-salt or pre-salt antiformal traps in detachment folds or in poorly understood stratigraphic pinchouts beneath a regional Upper Jurassic evaporite sequence. In the southern Rioni Basin, the oil in existing fields has either anticlinal four-way closures (Supsa) or a subthrust trap (Shromisubani) related to the leading edge of the north-vergent Achara–Trialet folded belt. Despite the long history of petroleum exploration in the Rioni Basin, these proven plays are not fully understood and systematically explored using modern technology. The existence of an Upper Jurassic regional evaporite seal highlights the possibility of pre-salt plays in the northern part of the basin.

Stratigraphy, structure and petroleum exploration play types of the Rioni Basin, Georgia

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Stratigraphy, structure and petroleum exploration play types of the Rioni Basin, Georgia