The Virtual Representation of the Past

Digital 3D modelling and visualization technologies have been widely applied to support research in the humanities since the 1980s. Since technological backgrounds, project opportunities, and methodological considerations for application are widely discussed in the literature, one of the next tasks is to validate these techniques within a wider scientific community and establish them in the culture of academic disciplines. This article resulted from a postdoctoral thesis and is intended to provide a comprehensive overview on the use of digital 3D technologies in the humanities with regards to (1) scenarios, user communities, and epistemic challenges; (2) technologies, UX design, and workflows; and (3) framework conditions as legislation, infrastructures, and teaching programs. Although the results are of relevance for 3D modelling in all humanities disciplines, the focus of our studies is on modelling of past architectural and cultural landscape objects via interpretative 3D reconstruction methods.

/pdf/digital-3d-technologies-for-humanities-research-and-2si749x3.pdf

Digital 3D Technologies for Humanities Research and Education: An Overview

A cloud-based architecture for processing and dissemination of 3D landscapes online

3D scenes within all media indicate a societal preference shift toward 3D presentations. In spite of wide data availability and successful standardization efforts in 3D modeling, it is not a standard practice to offer large-scale topographic references to the end user in the form of 3D models. This motivates to propose automated strategies for the generation of closed 3D representations of a complete urban landscape, which at the same time account for capabilities of consumer-class devices. The campus of Dresden University of Technology served as a test case. The final appearance of the 3D model will be steered directly by the original geographic information system (GIS) data source. Such a “schematic model” displays source classes and attributes by nonphotorealistic rendering. A tested generic workflow can be presented, which programmatically integrates attributed 2D GIS entities and digital elevation model data, checks for compliancy with consistency rules and generates a slim geometric model. Only deta...

On strategies and automation in upgrading 2D to 3D landscape representations

This article proposes a methodology to objectively evaluate each of key elements universally accepted as constituents of an early warning system. This methodology was then applied to assess two disasters in the municipality of Petrópolis, Brazil. These disasters were separated by 11 years, during which time several actions for disaster risk reduction were implemented in the country. These disasters had significantly different impacts. The results show that, despite the implementation of public actions, it is the actual and permanent vulnerability that is associated with the impact. Additionally, for the first time, the claimed disaster risk equation is considered with mathematical rigor, and, like a theorem, it is possible to show that vulnerability is the crucial element of the disaster impact. 

Proposing a metric to evaluate early warning system applicable to hydrometeorological disasters in Brazil

Two current projects of the authors try to approach cultural heritage landscapes from both cultural sciences and geography through a combination of customised geo-information (GIS) and visualisation/presentation technology. In excess of a mere academic use, easyto- handle virtual 3D web presentations may contribute to knowledge, esteem, commemoration and preservation. The examples relate to pre-historic Scythian burial sites in the South-Siberian Altay Mountains ("Uch Enmek") as well as to a "virtual memorial" of contemporary history ("GEPAM"), a chapter of Jewish prosecution in the "Third Reich", which historically connects the town of Dresden with the Czech Terezin (Theresienstadt). It is common knowledge that a profound understanding of (pre-)historic artefacts and places may reflect a larger environment as well as an individual geographic setting. Coming from this background, the presented projects try to find technical solutions. They start from GIS models and aim at customised interactive presentations of 3D models. In using the latter a widely-spanned public is invited to a land- or townscape of specific cultural importance. The geographic space is thought to work as a door to a repository of educational exhibits under the umbrella of a web application. Within this concept a landscape/townscape also accounts for the time dimension in different scales (time of construction/operation versus actual state, and in sense of a season and time of the day as a principal modulator of visual perception of space).

/pdf/presenting-cultural-heritage-landscapes-from-gis-via-3d-2bjtqqhfhl.pdf

Presenting cultural heritage landscapes – from gis via 3d models to interactive presentation frameworks

Loss and damage databases are essential tools within the disaster risk management cycle for making informed decisions. However, even in data-rich countries such as Austria, no consistent and curated multi-hazard database is available. Based on the requirements of the United Nations, the European Union, as well as on national demands to deal with disaster impacts, we conceived and set up a demonstrator for a consistent multi-hazard national event-based loss and damage database that addresses event identification, loss accounting and disaster forensics according to international standards. We built our database on already existing data from administration and federal agencies and formulated a process to combine those data in a synergetic way. Furthermore, we tested how earth observation and weather data could help to derive more robust disaster event information. Our demonstrator focuses on two Austrian federal provinces, three hazard types—floods, storms and mass movements—and the period between 2005 and 2018. By analyzing over 140.000 single event descriptions, we conclude that—despite some limitations in retrospective data harmonization—the implementation of a curated event-based national loss and damage database is feasible and adds significant value compared to the usage of single national datasets or existing international databases such as EM-DAT or the Risk Data Hub. With our demonstrator, we are able to support the national risk assessment, the national Sendai Monitoring and federal disaster risk management with the provision of best possible harmonized loss and damage information, tailored indicators and statistics as well as hazard impact maps on the municipality scale.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/12/8/283/pdf?version=1658490978

Collection, Standardization and Attribution of Robust Disaster Event Information—A Demonstrator of a National Event-Based Loss and Damage Database in Austria

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Presenting cultural heritage landscapes – from gis via 3d models to interactive presentation frameworks

Collection, Standardization and Attribution of Robust Disaster Event Information—A Demonstrator of a National Event-Based Loss and Damage Database in Austria