Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array) is an upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory to extend its range of detection and to directly measure the muon content of the particle showers. It consists of an infill of surface water-Cherenkov detectors accompanied by buried scintillator detectors used for muon counting. The main objectives of the AMIGA engineering array, referred to as the Unitary Cell, are to identify and resolve all engineering issues as well as to understand the muon-number counting uncertainties related to the design of the detector. The mechanical design, fabrication and deployment processes of the muon counters of the Unitary Cell are described in this document. These muon counters modules comprise sealed PVC casings containing plastic scintillation bars, wavelength-shifter optical fibers, 64 pixel photomultiplier tubes, and acquisition electronics. The modules are buried approximately 2.25 m below ground level in order to minimize contamination from electromagnetic shower particles. The mechanical setup, which allows access to the electronics for maintenance, is also described in addition to tests of the modules' response and integrity. The completed Unitary Cell has measured a number of air showers of which a first analysis of a sample event is included here.

Prototype muon detectors for the AMIGA component of the Pierre Auger Observatory

AMIGA (Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array) is an upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory to extend its range of detection and to directly measure the muon content of the particle showers. It consists of an infill of surface water-Cherenkov detectors accompanied by buried scintillator detectors used for muon counting. The main objectives of the AMIGA engineering array, referred to as the Unitary Cell, are to identify and resolve all engineering issues as well as to understand the muon-number counting uncertainties related to the design of the detector. The mechanical design, fabrication and deployment processes of the muon counters of the Unitary Cell are described in this document. These muon counters modules comprise sealed PVC casings containing plastic scintillation bars, wavelength-shifter optical fibers, 64 pixel photomultiplier tubes, and acquisition electronics. The modules are buried approximately 2.25 m below ground level in order to minimize contamination from electromagnetic shower particles. The mechanical setup, which allows access to the electronics for maintenance, is also described in addition to tests of the modules' response and integrity. The completed Unitary Cell has measured a number of air showers of which a first analysis of a sample event is included here.

/pdf/prototype-muon-detectors-for-the-amiga-component-of-the-3i5ruufyuh.pdf

pdf/prototype-muon-detectors-for-the-amiga-component-of-the-30971ca2mi.pdf

The performance of a multianode photomultiplier tube (MAPMT) with 64 anodes coupled to scintillating fibers has been examined. Such a detector system can be used in a pair- production gamma-ray telescope as well as in other applications. The characteristics of these tubes (Hamamatsu R5900-00-M64) are presented including single photoelectron sensitivity, electrical and optical cross-talk, and dark count. Environmental test results of these devices are also presented.

/pdf/characterization-of-a-multianode-photomultiplier-tube-for-3o63545ygf.pdf

Characterization of a multianode photomultiplier tube for use with scintillating fibers to detect gamma rays

Photomultipliers are generally used for the measurement of faint light signals produced in detection systems. They are commonly used for the detection of particles, which produce light through interactions with the detection medium. To test photomultipliers in the laboratory, an artificial light source is used to emulate incident light from natural sources. Analysis of the resulting data is used to inform the design and engineering of the detector readout system and as a factor to estimate the detection efficiency of the particle detector. The main parameters of multi-pixel PMTs (Photomultiplier Tubes) and SiPMs (Silicon Photomultipliers) coupled to optical fibers are better measured with a multichannel light source. In this document we describe the electronic design, LED (Light Emitting Diode) selection, and operation of the light source. The flasher design presented here provides light-signals capable of testing the full dynamic range of different photosensitive devices, from the level of single photoelectrons to device and electronics saturation. The optical coupling and the electrical scheme of the source allows for the flashers to be stacked, i.e. from 1 to 64 channels or more. As a result, each channel of a 64-anode PMT can be individually tested. Note that the scalability of the system is neither limited to 64 nor this type of device.

Multichannel pulsed light source with LED for photomultiplier testing

Fil: Lucero, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Tecnologias En Deteccion y Astroparticulas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional; Argentina

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/10/09/T09004/pdf

Analog multiplexer for testing multianode photomultipliers used in AMIGA project of the Pierre Auger Observatory

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Analog multiplexer for testing multianode photomultipliers used in AMIGA project of the Pierre Auger Observatory