This paper discusses issues affecting the transport and mobility needs of people with disabilities in middle- and low-income countries and how disability intersects with a range of other factors to impact on transport needs, use and engagement. The paper is intended to stimulate discussion and identify areas for further research, and identifies a number of key issues that are salient to discussions around equitable and inclusive transport provision, including patterns of transport use, behaviour and experiences, solutions and policy directions, measuring access and inclusion, policies and intersectionality. The paper also identifies gaps in knowledge and provision, barriers to addressing these gaps, and some possible solutions to overcoming these barriers. These include shifting the focus from access to inclusion, reconceptualising how ‘special’ transport might be provided, and most importantly listening to the voices and experiences of adults and children with disabilities. Despite lack of transport often being cited as a reason for lack of inclusion of people with disabilities, there is surprisingly little evidence which either quantifies this or translates what this lack of access means to people with disabilities in their daily lives in low- and middle-income countries.

Disability, Mobility and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Thematic Review

The material discussed in this book consists of recent research work of the authors, which was presented during RailNewcastle Talks 2016. It is a joint publication that includes a discussion on rail ﻿developments, ﻿policies and practices from all over Europe and beyond. Although it has a rail research focus, the material is excellent for the preparation and delivery of rail, transport and logistics-orientated courses and university-based programmes. This book is written with the support of UIC, which is the International Union of Railways.

Sustainable Rail Transport

Many disabled people in Thailand face exclusion from education, employment and wider participation in society. This is exacerbated by a persistence of medical model thinking in society and lack of mobility of disabled people. Many of the public transport systems in Bangkok lack accessibility and despite campaigning by disability rights activists progress has been slow.
The research explores disabled user perspectives on the physical and non-physical accessibility of public transport in Bangkok. Barriers and enablers to travel using these systems are revealed through focus groups with disabled people and carers. Secondly, the campaign to improve accessibility of public transport is examined through in-depth interviews with activists, academics and members of the Thai government.
The findings show that service provider attitudes can result in barriers and enablers to travel for disabled passengers that counteract or enhance the mechanisms to equalise access for disabled people. Additionally, the campaign to improve public transport is impeded by issues mobilising disability associations and disabled individuals that stem from Thai socio-cultural conceptualisations of disability and interactions within the societal hierarchy. Further research is needed on encouraging participation in and of the disability rights movement and how to improve attitudes towards disability of public service providers.

Mobilisation and the Disability Rights Movement: The Realities of Public Transport in Bangkok

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) play a significant role in transportation systems as they provide the connection between transportation system users, system planners, operators, and managers. Over the last few years, with advancements in ICTs, there has been a rapid change in travel behaviour. However, little is known about how ICTs and other emerging digital technologies are being utilised in transportation-related communication for public, private, and active transportation. To bridge this gap, this study aims to explore academic and grey literature focused on the use of digital technologies in transportation-related communication. The methodological approach employs a systematic literature review, with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) protocol, to identify digital technologies that are found promising among scholars and practitioners for research, testing and deployment. The study analysed 158 publications and identified some common themes of how these digital technologies can be implemented to improve access to transportation communication. The study finds that: (a) The main literature focus is how information is gathered and shared with transportation users; (b) Advances in mobile applications afford real-time route updates, easy navigation of complex routes, and personalised journey planning; (c) Some notable knowledge gaps exist in how these technologies are implemented—including, willingness to use and digital literacy to understand them; (d) Many digital technologies are at the trial or development phases, which have potential to improve how transportation information can be made readily accessible to all users. 

Digital technologies of transportation-related communication: Review and the state-of-the-art

Performing daily independent activities can be a challenge for people with Down's Syndrome (DS). This article investigates how to better support these activities with smart devices based on three cycles of a collaborative participatory action research (PAR) process. The first cycle involved semi-structured interviews (n = 4) with parents and an online survey (n = 39) with people with DS and their parents to explore barriers and opportunities for independent activities. This cycle highlighted that travelling independently was a common challenge among discussed barriers to independent activities for young adults with DS, an issue that smart devices have the potential to overcome. The second cycle involved seven focus group discussions (n = 20) with parents (n = 13) and young adults with DS (n = 7) for gaining deeper insights into barriers to independent travel. We explored key barriers to independent travel and gathered design requirements for smartphone apps to overcome these barriers. In the third cycle, we designed a digital prototype based on participant recommendations and conducted seven focus group meetings (n = 19) with caregivers (n = 12) and individuals with DS (n = 7). This final cycle reviewed the proposed digital prototype and validated the key barriers found in the second cycle. Overall, our studies confirmed that mobile technology can support people with DS in performing daily life activities that increase social inclusion. The studies resulted in identified barriers and requirements along with co-designed solutions for independent travel apps.

/pdf/towards-designing-mobile-apps-for-independent-travel-14j1pe4m87.pdf

Towards Designing Mobile Apps for Independent Travel: Exploring Current Barriers and Opportunities for Supporting Young Adults with Down's Syndrome

Empowering People with Disabilities Using Urban Public Transport

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Empowering People with Disabilities Using Urban Public Transport