The microwave power module (MPM) is described. This miniature radio frequency (RF) power amplifier combines a low-noise high-gain monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) solid-state amplifier (SSA) driver with a high-efficiency reduced-gain vacuum power booster helix traveling-wave tube (TWT) and integrated power conditioner (IPC). Progress on the development of 100-200-W power booster TWTs and MPMs covering the 2-40-GHz frequency range is discussed, giving examples of demonstrated RF performance. MPM advantages are contrasted to conventional TWTA and SSPA approaches, along with a discussion of various MPM-based transmitters for architectures. Numerous applications of MPM transmitters for radar, electronic countermeasure, communications, and space have been identified with widespread implementation expected to take place in the near future.

The microwave power module: a versatile RF building block for high-power transmitters

This paper presents the analysis and design of an isolated high-voltage LLC resonant dc–dc full-bridge converter based on symmetrical quadrupler rectifier (SQR). Unlike conventional Cockcroft–Walton and full-bridge diode rectifiers, the SQR circuit provides significant improvement in power density by reducing the transformer turns-ratio without much increase in the output impedance. Moreover, the LLC converter can provide additional voltage boost, if operated, below the series resonant frequency of the LLC tank. The operating region of the converter is chosen in such a way that the converter always operates in ZVS for all line and load conditions with additional voltage boost. A new method based on basic differential equation is proposed for the accurate analysis and design of the converter and subsequently, the key results are compared with a first harmonic approximation based analysis method. A 120 V dc input, 2 kV output, 200 W laboratory prototype has been designed, built, and tested. Simulation and experimental results shown in this paper demonstrate the validity of the analysis and design of the presented converter.

Analysis and Design of SQR-Based High-Voltage LLC Resonant DC–DC Converter

Microelectronics packaging

A novel slow-wave structure (SWS), called the rectangular groove-loaded folded waveguide SWS, is presented in this paper. Its high-frequency characteristics, which include the dispersion properties, normalized phase velocity, and the beam-wave interaction impedance, are analyzed by the field-matching method and calculated numerically. The calculation results by theory agree well with those obtained by the 3-D EM simulation software HFSS. The effects of the groove dimensions on the dispersion characteristics and interaction impedance are specifically studied. It is indicated from this investigation that the modified folded waveguide slow-wave structure with groove loading has the merit of higher interaction impedance but with narrower pass-band and sharper phase velocity dispersion compared to the conventional folded waveguide circuit. With proper groove dimensions, the higher gain and electron efficiency of a rectangular groove-loaded folded waveguide traveling wave tube could be obtained.

Study of the Slow-Wave Properties of a Rectangular Groove-Loaded Folded Waveguide for Millimeter Traveling-Wave Tubes

4 – Transmit/Receive Modules

Power modules are highly miniaturized and fully integrated amplifiers (transmitters) operating in the microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands. Three traditionally dissimilar components, a traveling wave tube (TWT), power supply, and solid-state amplifier are integrated into one package to form the power module "supercomponent". Depending on design requirements, the power modules deliver nominally 100 watts of continuous wave (CW) radio frequency (RF) output power with greater than 50 dB gain over bandwidths reaching 1.5 octaves. Various Microwave Power Modules (MPMs) have demonstrated unsurpassed efficiencies and previously unattainable noise performance for the required gain and output power levels. When compared to fielded military electronic systems, MPMs are one-tenth the volume and one-sixth the weight with 2.5 times the RF output power and 5 times the efficiency. MMIC and ASIC devices have been incorporated within the power modules to support the next generation high performance electronics requirements. A family of power modules is being developed from 2 to 40 GHz. This family of power modules can be used to support breadboard transmitter requirements for electronic countermeasures, radar, communications, phased arrays, and advanced material processing applications.

Power module technology for the 21st century

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Power module technology for the 21st century