Introduction Radiocarpal dislocation (RCD) and fracture-dislocations (RCFD) are severe but rare injuries for which the treatment and outcomes are not well defined. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the prevalence of the various injury types and their long-term outcomes. Patients and methods Between 1992 and 2014, 41 patients with RCFD were seen at our institution. According to the Dumontier classification, there were 4 cases of type 1 and 37 cases of type 2. Thirteen patients were reviewed again after a mean follow-up of 168 months (20–260). Results Among these 41 patients, 6 required secondary wrist fusion. At the latest follow-up evaluation, flexion-extension amplitude was 100° (25°–152°), grip strength was 86% of the contralateral side (10 kgf–112 kgf), the mean VAS for pain was 1.3 (0–5), the mean QuickDASH was 23 (0–59) and the mean PWRE was 27 (0–75). Six patients developed osteoarthritis in the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints. Discussion For cases of RCD, when reduction and stabilization have been confirmed by a dorsal approach, there is no reason to perform volar capsule and ligament suturing. For cases of RCFD, after anatomical reduction, radiostyloid pinning can be performed and an open surgical approach is not always required. Radiolunate fusion is a good solution for treating secondary instability. Conclusion The good functional outcomes and absence of osteoarthritis can be attributed to the effective reduction and radiocarpal stabilization, along with the absence of radial and intracarpal marginal fractures. Level of evidence IV, retrospective.

Radiocarpal dislocations and fracture-dislocations: Injury types and long-term outcomes.

Background Arthroscopically assisted percutaneous screw fixation has been introduced to decrease the invasiveness of treatments for intra-articular fractures. Hypothesis Arthroscopically assisted percutaneous screw fixation of Bennett fracture simplifies the postoperative course compared to open surgery. Material and methods Twenty-one Bennett fractures detaching at least one-third of the joint surface were studied retrospectively. Among them, 11 were managed by percutaneous screw fixation and 10 by open surgery. Follow-up was at least 12 months. Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed to assess the development of complications, tourniquet time, immobilisation time, sick-leave time, QuickDASH score, Kapandji score, grip strength, pinch strength, return to work activities, intra-articular screw migration, inadequate reduction, non-union, and joint remodelling. Results The percutaneous group had significantly shorter immobilisation ( P  0.0001) and tourniquet ( P  = 0.0068) times. The number of complications was 1 in the percutaneous group and 6 in the open-surgery group. Whereas no adverse radiographic outcomes were found in the percutaneous group, the open-surgery group had 2 cases of inadequate reduction, 3 cases of joint remodelling, and 4 cases of intra-articular screw migration. The number of patients unable to return to their previous work activities was 1 (9%) in the percutaneous group and 3 (30%) in the open-surgery group. Discussion Arthroscopically assisted percutaneous screw fixation seems to ensure a simpler postoperative course, with fewer clinical and radiographic complications, as well as shorter tourniquet and immobilisation times. Level of evidence IV, retrospective comparative study.

Bennett fracture: Arthroscopically assisted percutaneous screw fixation versus open surgery: Functional and radiological outcomes.

In treating hand fractures, we have to make a proper decision about conservative treatment versus surgical intervention and decide on individual surgical methods. This article reviews recent publications, technical advances, and outcome measures in treating metacarpal fractures, phalangeal fractures, complex fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joints, bony mallet fingers, and fractures of the thumb. My personal preferences and considerations are presented. At the end, the current challenges that hand surgeons are facing in treating frequent phalangeal and metacarpal fractures are discussed.

Current methods, outcomes and challenges for the treatment of hand fractures:

Radiocarpal fractures and dislocations are rarely described in the literature. However, the consequences at the functional level are severe, with the loss of almost half of the articular amplitude. The most widespread classification is that of Dumontier, which divides the injury into two categories according to the presence or absence of a fracture. Currently, no classification considers fracture-dislocations in a global and multi-tissue manner; therefore, no therapeutic strategy has been reported. We conducted an exhaustive bibliographic search for cohort or case report articles concerning radiocarpal fracture-dislocations published between 1990 and the present. Only descriptions of the injury were identified (noting the type of fracture, direction of displacement and carpal injuries). In all, data were collected from 14 retrospective series and 16 case reports involving 218 patients. Thirty-five and 183 cases involved anterior and posterior displacement, respectively. A fracture of the distal radius was found in 183 cases and 35 cases had a dislocation only, with no significant fracture. Among the posterior displacements, 44 isolated styloid fractures, 62 styloid and posterior marginal fractures, 29 bimarginal fractures (large anterior fragment and small posterior fragment) and 31 fractures of all the fragments described by Medoff with impaction of the central pavement were found. Anterior displacement fractures were found in 17 cases (styloid and/or anterior marginal fracture). We were able to group the different traumatic clinical forms according to a six-category classification. A review of the literature highlighted three major components in the management of radiocarpal fracture-dislocations: the bone component, the ligament component and the associated intracarpal lesions. These three components were included in our classification and allowed us to accurately describe all types of radiocarpal fracture-dislocations published in the literature. Authors currently agree on management of the bone component but disagree on that of the ligament component. Particular attention should be paid to intracarpal lesions, which lead to poor outcomes if ignored. Based on our biographical research, we propose a management plan for these complex injuries. VI. 

Radiocarpal Fracture-Dislocation: Review of the Literature, New Classification, and Decision Algorithm.

Fracture-dislocation of the radiocarpal joint: bony and capsulo-ligamentar management, outcomes and long-term complications

The authors present the case of a patient with a rare combination of open volar radiocarpal dislocation and complete destruction of the dorsal capsule-ligament complex and tendons. The treatment consisted of open reduction and arthrorisis (temporary arthrodesis during 45 days) with four K-wires (radiocarpal and radioulnar). The capsule-ligament complex was fixed with anchors and the extensor tendons were repaired by suturing. A long-arm cast was applied for six weeks. After an 18-month follow-up, the Cooney-modified Green and O'Brien score was 70 and the wrist range of motion was 85°. Dynamic intraoperative X-rays are needed to look for bone or ligament (intracarpal or radioulnocarpal) injuries. Arthrography, arthroscopy or MRI may provide additional information. In cases of stable lesions without intracarpal ligament injuries, conservative treatment may be sufficient. Otherwise, surgical treatment is required, using temporary external fixation or arthrorisis (temporary arthrodesis) associated with anatomic repair of capsular ligaments. The average duration of postoperative immobilization is 6.6 weeks. An external fixator seems to be useful for reduction and for placing optimal tension on repaired ligament repair. Twenty-three cases of volar radiocarpal dislocation are described in published studies. None of them was associated with bone, tendon, skin or capsule-ligament complex injuries. Few studies describe the long-term functional and radiological outcomes of these injuries.

Open volar radiocarpal dislocation with extensive dorsal ligament and extensor tendon damage: A case report and review of literature

Metacarpal diaphyseal fractures are classically treated using a non-removable glove for 4 to 6 weeks. Here, we report the results of treatment by immediate active protected mobilization (buddy taping for four weeks) of minimally displaced M2 to M5 fractures. Fifty-four fractures (15 transverse or short oblique and 39 spiral or long oblique) in 51 patients were included during a one-year period; the average age of patients was 31 years. Clinical and radiographic assessments were carried out at day 15 and then months 1, 2 and 6 post-fracture. Thirty-one cases were reviewed at day 15, 27 at 1 month, and 22 at 2 months. The initial volar tilt was 26° on average for the short oblique or transverse fractures, and 11.5° for the long oblique or spiral fractures. Six fractures (11%) experienced 16.6° of secondary displacement on average. The fracture was healed in 37% of cases at 1 month, and in 100% of cases at 2 months in the patients who were reviewed clinically. Reduction in the QuickDASH and VAS for pain was evidence of fast functional recovery. The range of motion was comparable to that of the contralateral side in 90% cases after 2 months. Grip and pinch strength was 33% less than the contralateral side at 2 months. Although secondary displacement occurs in some cases, the functional results of this simple and practical treatment method are good after 2 months, as there is little pain, stiffness, strength loss and no cases of nonunion.

Functional treatment of metacarpal diaphyseal fractures by buddy taping: A prospective single-center study.

Fracturas de las falanges y de los metacarpianos

Fractures des phalanges et des métacarpiens

Fratture delle falangi e dei metacarpi

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