In superelastic alloys, large deformation can revert to a memorized shape after removing the stress. However, the stress increases with increasing temperature, which limits the practical use over a wide temperature range. Polycrystalline Fe-Mn-Al-Ni shape memory alloys show a small temperature dependence of the superelastic stress because of a small transformation entropy change brought about by a magnetic contribution to the Gibbs energies. For one alloy composition, the superelastic stress varies by 0.53 megapascal/°C over a temperature range from -196 to 240°C.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/333/6038/68.full.pdf

Superelastic effect in polycrystalline ferrous alloys.

Magnetic properties and phase change in Fe-36 at. %Mn-15 at. %Al ternary alloy were investigated. Direct evidence of a ferromagnetic to weak-magnetic transition accompanied by martensitic transformation from the bcc-α (A2) phase to the fcc-γ′ (2M) phase was obtained, where the magnetic state of the parent and the martensite phases are ferromagnetic and weak-magnetic, respectively. The origin of this unique phase change is caused by the peculiar γ-loop of α∕γ equilibrium formed in Fe–Mn–X (X: ferrite stabilizing element) system due to the magnetic effect.

Ferromagnetic to weak-magnetic transition accompanied by bcc to fcc transformation in Fe–Mn–Al alloy

The phase diagram and the temperature dependence of the magnetization of the random-site binary ferromagnetic Ising model consisting of spin- 1 2 and spin-1 components in the presence of crystal-field interactions is investigated by the use of a mean field theory. By considering in this simple system all the exchange interactions positive, seven topologically different types of phase diagrams are achieved, including a variety of multicritical points such as tricritical, fourth-order, critical end, and isolated critical. An ordered phase persisting for large values of the crystal-field interaction is also observed.

Multicritical points in the ferromagnetic binary Ising model

In developing the third generation of Calphad databases, the next step after proper description of the unaries is to assess higher-order systems, i.e. binaries, ternaries etc. A new description of the Fe-Mn system is presented in this work, based on the Calphad approach. New models with a stronger physical basis are used to model the Gibbs energy of the phases. For this purpose, the revised magnetic model is used to fit the magnetic properties versus the most recent experimental and ab-initio data. An acceptable magnetic phase diagram is reproduced, and a reasonable fit for the phase diagram is achieved which will prevent possible artefacts in higher-order systems. The description is valid down to 0 K, which make it very useful as a starting point for modelling phase transformations occurring at low temperatures.

A thermodynamic assessment of the binary Fe-Mn system for the third generation of Calphad databases

A random-bond Blume-Capel model is proposed in order to study the ternary FeNiMn and FeAlMn alloys The extended mean-field renormalization group approach and a variational procedure based on Bogoliubov inequality for the free energy are employed in the pair approximation The phase diagrams are obtained for a symmetric distribution as well as for asymmetric distributions compatible to these alloys The obtained phase diagram for the FeNiMn system is in a much better accord with the experimental data than the previous traditional mean-field renormalization group applied to the Ising model, mainly concerning the spin-glass and antiferromagnetic phases Better results are also achieved for the order parameter of the FeAlMn alloys

Blume-Capel model for ( Fe 0.65 Ni 0.35 ) 1 − x Mn x and Fe p Al q Mn x alloys

In this work we report the experimental studies of Fe−Mn−Al alloys in the FCC disordered phase at room temperature by Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. In this phase the alloys are antiferromagnetic with a constant mean hyperfine field (
 
% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFH0dXde9LqFHe9Lq% pepeea0xd9q8as0-LqLs-Jirpepeea0-as0Fb9pgea0lrP0xe9Fve9% Fve9qapdbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmisayaara% aaaa!3A21!

 
$$\bar H$$

 ) near 26 kOe in the composition range from 0 to 7.5 at.% Al and 50 to 65 at.% Fe. When the Al or Fe concentration increases, the
 
% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFH0dXde9LqFHe9Lq% pepeea0xd9q8as0-LqLs-Jirpepeea0-as0Fb9pgea0lrP0xe9Fve9% Fve9qapdbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmisayaara% aaaa!3A21!

 
$$\bar H$$

 value gradually decreases to zero and the alloy becomes paramagnetic. In the same way when the Al concentration increases the lattice parameter increases linearly but when the Fe concentration increases the lattice parameter remains nearly constant for alloys with 5 at.% Al and decreases for alloys with 10 at.% Al.

Magnetic properties of Fe-Mn-Al alloy system in the FCC disordered phase

The disordered antiferromagnetic γ-FeMn alloys in the range of Mn concentration from 0 up to 50 at.% Mn were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Mossbauer spectroscopy (ME) at room temperature and at 80 K. The lattice parameter is constant for Mn contents below 27 at.% and increases linearly for higher Mn concentration. The RT Mossbauer spectra for the alloys with less than 20 at.% Mn were fitted with quadrupole splitting (QS) distribution, and above 20 at.% Mn they were fitted with magnetic hyperfine field (HF) distribution. The averageQS decreases, while the HF maintain a constant value by increasing the Mn concentration. At 80 K, the HF increases linearly up to 30 at.% Mn and then maintains a constant value at about 38 kOe. The peak of the specific heat (c
p) at the Neel temperature changes from broad to sharp as the Mn content increases. The Neel temperature increases with Mn concentration.

Mössbauer effect study of γ-FeMn alloys

A simple Ising model where the exchange interaction depends on the site occupation of the lattice is proposed for the study of the magnetic properties of the Fe-Mn alloy system. The model is treated approximately by using a variational approach based on Bogoliubov's inequality for the free energy. The thermodynamical properties are computed in the pair approximation and some fittings of the experimental results of the critical temperature for different Mn concentrations are discussed.

Simple Ising model for the magnetic properties of Fe-Mn alloys.

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Magnetic properties of Fe-Mn-Al alloy system in the FCC disordered phase

Mössbauer effect study of γ-FeMn alloys

Simple Ising model for the magnetic properties of Fe-Mn alloys.