Practical Environmental Analysis.

In contrast to "white pollution" originating from waste plastics, waste rubber is often referred to as "black pollution." The quantity and variety of waste rubber are increasing at an alarming rate, with a considerable fraction entering the global ecosystem via various pathways. This study presents the first critical review of waste rubber research with a focus on the risks associated with toxicant discharge and existing problems in waste rubber disposal, management, and recycling practices. We aim to obtain a comprehensive understanding of current research, particularly regarding the ecological impacts of these wastes, highlight major gaps, and propose the most significant research directions. A total of 192 studies published in journals were critically analysed. The importance of conducting long-term and large-scale experiments and developing efficient waste rubber recycling systems is also emphasised. This study highlights the need to address the challenges posed by waste rubber pollution and offers insights and references for undertaking ecological risk assessments and understanding the mechanisms underlying toxicant behaviour. Suggestion and countermeasures are proposed with ecosystem sustainability as the ultimate goal. Further long-term, comprehensive, and systematic research in this area is required. 

Waste rubber – black pollution reframed as a global issue: Ecological challenges and sustainability initiatives

Anthropogenic induced physicochemical gradients and associated macroinvertebrate community changes in derived savannah stream in Nigeria: Implication for biotic assessment

Agriculture, which accounts for 70% of water abstractions worldwide, plays a major role in water pollution. Resulting pollution poses risks to aquatic ecosystems and humans. With the aim of evaluating the saprobic state of four hydro systems subject to pollution from intensive rubber cultivation, the present study was carried out within and around the Hevecam rubber plantation in Niete, South Region of Cameroon. The study was done from September 2019 to December 2020 with monthly sampling, physico-chemical water analysis and determination of ciliate diversity and distribution. Water in the study stations was acidic (6.40±0.31CU), with average temperature (25.20±0.56°C) and conductivity of up to 761.8 µs/cm. Conductivity values coupled with phosphates (up to 29.7 mg/L), herbicide residues are indicators of agricultural pollution on water quality. Station N2 showed the greatest ciliate abundance and species richness. The long dry season of 2020 showed the highest diversity and abundance. The saprobic index indicated moderate to high levels of organic pollution (2.16 to 3.67). Water quality was degraded with the impact of the agricultural pollution due to the presence of herbicide and fertilizer residues at stations N2 and N4. High levels of phosphates and nitrates have resulted in an increased organic load reflected in the saprobic indices; indicating average to high organic pollution.

/pdf/use-of-ciliated-protozoans-in-the-saprobic-evaluation-of-1gc9g28l.pdf

Use of ciliated protozoans in the saprobic evaluation of hydrosystems in an equatorial zone (South region of Cameroon)

Research hotspots and development trends in the rubber industry wastewater treatment: a quantitative analysis of literature

The impact of a rubber effluent on the water quality of Oken River, Nigeria, was assessed. Surface water was analysed for water quality parameters at four sites; one upstream and three downstream. ...

The impact of rubber effluent discharges on the water quality of a tropical rain forest river in Nigeria

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The impact of rubber effluent discharges on the water quality of a tropical rain forest river in Nigeria