in this study we examined the ethical aspects of the use of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) to track people with dementia. The findings are based on qualitative data gathered from focus groups of family and professional caregivers. The most important theme was the need to balance patients' need for safety with the need to preserve their autonomy and privacy. The main potential benefit of the use of GPS was related to the peace of mind of the caregivers themselves. The findings also suggest that caregivers' views change according to the locus of responsibility of the caregivers for the safety of people with dementia. The caregivers give preference to patients' safety more than autonomy when they are responsible for the patients. When the patients are under the responsibility of other caregivers, they give preference to patients' autonomy more than their safety. Overall, the variety and the depth of the views of different stakeholders toward the use of electronic tracking for people with dementia presented in this article provide a meaningful contribution to the ethical debate on this topic.

Families’ and Professional Caregivers’ Views of Using Advanced Technology to Track People With Dementia

Locating and securing an Alzheimer's patient who is outdoors and in wandering state is crucial to patient's safety. Although advances in geotracking and mobile technology have made locating patients instantly possible, reaching them while in wandering state may take time. However, a social network of caregivers may help shorten the time that it takes to reach and secure a wandering AD patient. This study proposes a new type of intervention based on novel mobile application architecture to form and direct a social support network of caregivers for locating and securing wandering patients as soon as possible. System employs, aside from the conventional tracking mechanism, a wandering detection mechanism, both of which operates through a tracking device installed a Subscriber Identity Module for Global System for Mobile Communications Network(GSM). System components are being implemented using Java. Family caregivers will be interviewed prior to and after the use of the system and Center For Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Zarit Burden Interview will be applied to them during these interviews to find out the impact of the system in terms of depression, anxiety and burden, respectively.

CaregiverNet: A novel social support intervention for locating and securing wandering Alzheimer's patients as soon as possible

Balancing Autonomy and Security Over Geotracking Patients with Alzheimer's Using a Personalized Geotracking System with Social Support Network

Locating and securing an Alzheimer's patient who is outdoors and in wandering state is crucial to patient's safety. Although advances in geotracking and mobile technology have made locating patients instantly possible, reaching them while in wandering state may still take time. However, a social network of caregivers may help shorten the time that it takes to reach and secure a wandering AD patient. This study proposes a social computing application in healthcare, which is designed to form and direct a social support network of caregivers for locating and securing wandering AD patients as soon as possible. The proposed system consists of three major components; a tracking device, a middleware and a mobile application. The tracking device has a Subscriber Identity Module for Global System for Mobile Communications Network (GSM) installed on it, and is responsible for communication between an AD patient and the system (e.g. transmission of location updates in varying periods). The middleware employs a supervision mechanism to detect potentially wandering patients, a tracking mechanism to locate a wandering patient and a coordination mechanism to communicate with and direct caregivers to wandering patient. The mobile application is the mediator of the interaction (e.g. necessary communication steps to get involved in the search of a wandering patient) between a caregiver and the system during a wandering patient search session. The communication backbone of the system involves the Internet and a GSM network. The major system component, i.e. middleware, is being implemented using Java. Family caregivers will be interviewed prior to and after the use of the system. In order to find out the impact of the system in terms of depression, anxiety and burden, Center For Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Zarit Burden Interview will be applied to them during these interviews respectively.

Development of a social support intervention with a network of caregivers to find wandering Alzheimer's patients as soon as possible: A social computing application in healthcare

Recently, numerous systems for geo-tracking Alzheimer's patients with dementia are developed and reported to be functional for the purposes of security and data collection. However, it was also reported that use of such systems had generated ethical issues. Studies stated possible loss of freedom and autonomy for patients, along with violations of their privacy, which may lead to loss of prestige/dignity. In this study, a geotracking system that aims to balance patients' security and their need for privacy and autonomy is proposed. It simply tries to maintain patients' independence while assuring they are secure. The system introduces a personalized, four-level temporal geofence based tracking, warning and notification protocol that incorporates a safety check mechanism operating over Global System for Mobile Communications network. The system is to be developed using Java and evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In this paper, the system architecture, together with new tracking measures that can make it possible to overcome ethical issues is presented.

An alternative approach to overcome ethical issues of geotracking patients with Alzheimer's disease

The effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent wandering in dementia

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The effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent wandering in dementia