Comparative leaf anatomy and micromorphology of the Chilean Myrtaceae: Taxonomic and ecological implications

Premise of the study: Here we propose a staining protocol using toluidine blue (TBO) and ruthenium red to reliably identify secondary compounds in the leaves of some species of Myrtaceae. Methods and Results: Leaves of 10 species representing 10 different genera of Myrtaceae were processed and stained using five different combinations of ruthenium red and TBO. Optimal staining conditions were determined as 1 min of ruthenium red (0.05% aqueous) and 45 s of TBO (0.1% aqueous). Secondary compounds clearly identified under this treatment include mucilage in the mesophyll, polyphenols in the cuticle, lignin in fibers and xylem, tannins and carboxylated polysaccharides in the epidermis, and pectic substances in the primary cell walls. Conclusions: Potential applications of this protocol include systematic, phytochemical, and ecological investigations in Myrtaceae. It might be applicable to other plant families rich in secondary compounds and could be used as a preliminary screening method for extraction of the...

https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3732/apps.1400063

A staining protocol for identifying secondary compounds in Myrtaceae

The leaf anatomy of 81 species of Syzygium was examined. General generic and subgeneric descriptions of Syzygium leaf anatomy are given. Four stomatal types (anisocytic, anomocytic, cyclo-staurocytic and paracytic) that occur exclusively or in combinations are recognised. Two major vascular systems are differentiated by the presence or absence of adaxial phloem partition. Phylogenetic inferences using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods for separate and combined analyses of DNA (ETS and ITS) sequences and morphological (leaf anatomy and macromorphology) data were conducted. Results of the combined analyses gave slightly higher support value for clade than analyses based on DNA sequences. The subgenera Perikion, Sequestratum and Syzygium are strongly supported, but the subgenus Acmena is moderately supported in the Bayesian but not in the parsimony analysis of combined data sets. The relationships among subgenera are not fully resolved. All the leaf anatomical characters examined are homoplastic. We did not find any unique leaf anatomical characters allowing delimiting of the four subgenera in Syzygium. However, a combinations of non-unique leaf anatomical characters, including stomatal types, crystal types and frequency, and midrib vascular system (adaxial phloem partition) are diagnostic for subgeneric groups.

Comparative leaf anatomy and phylogeny of Syzygium Gaertn.

Species in the Myrtaceae family are used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders, infectious diseases and hemorrhagic conditions and are known for their essential oil contents. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to characterize the chemical composition of essential oils of the leaves, stem bark and flowers of Myrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) DC., as well as to assess the chemical variability in the constituents of the essential oils of the leaf. Soil and foliar analyses were also performed to determine the mineral compositions. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine the interrelationships between the obtained data. The most abundant component in the essential oils of the flowers was (2E,6E)-methyl farnesoate, whereas hexadecanoic acid was the most abundant essential oil component in the stem bark. The leaf essential oils showed seasonal variation in their chemical composition, with bicyclogermacrene and (2E,6E)-methyl farnesoate as the major chemical components. Forty-four constituents were identified, and only nine compounds were found in all of the samples. Sesquiterpenes were mainly produced in the flowers and leaves. The PCA showed a positive correlation between the oxygenated sesquiterpenes and the foliar nutrients Cu and P. Significant statistical correlations were verified between the climatic data, foliar nutrients and essential oil compositions.

/pdf/essential-oils-in-aerial-parts-of-myrcia-tomentosa-joyug6pd4p.pdf

Essential oils in aerial parts of Myrcia tomentosa: composition and variability

Las especies con frutos carnosos de Myrtaceae estan generalmente asociadas a ambientes humedos y su anatomia vegetativa es principalmente mesofitica. Myrceugenia rufa es una especie rara y endemica de lugares secos de la costa de Chile central y no hay estudios anatomicos de sus hojas en terminos de adaptaciones ambientales. En este articulo describimos la micromorfologia y anatomia foliar de la especie usando protocolos estandar para microscopia optica y electronica de barrido. La anatomia foliar de M. rufa es similar a otras especies de Myrtaceae, en lo que respecta a presencia de drusas, canales secretores esquizogenos y floema interno. Las hojas de M. rufa tienen una epidermis doble, cuticula gruesa, pelos unicelulares abundantes, cavidades subestomaticas amplias y cubiertas por tricomas, y un denso parenquima en empalizada. Los caracteres foliares de la especie confirman una afinidad morfoanatomica a ambientes xerofiticos.

/pdf/leaf-micromorphology-and-anatomy-of-myrceugenia-rufa-46qfbmscb4.pdf

Leaf micromorphology and anatomy of Myrceugenia rufa (Myrtaceae). An endemic coastal shrub of north-central Chile

The foliar structure of 44 species of Myrtoideae Nied. (Myrtaceae) was described to characterise the anatomy of the leaves in this subfamily and also to recognise particular features in each genus and/or subtribe. In the present study, nine genera of the subtribe Myrtinae, five genera of the subtribe Myrciinae and eight genera of the subtribe Eugeniinae were examined. All of them have dorsiventral and hypostomatic leaves, with stomata slightly protruded in relation to other epidermal cells; the leaves also present secretory cavities, idioblasts containing druses and vascular bundles with phloem on both adaxial and abaxial sides. Some surface features have diagnostic value for all genera of these three subtribes, such as the percentage of palisade parenchyma, the presence or absence of an adaxial hypodermis, the occurrence of an extension to the vascular bundle sheath, and the shape and position of the vascular system of the midrib. These features are described for each of the species studied and the results are discussed in a taxonomical context.

Foliar anatomy of the subfamily Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae)

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

C. M. V. Cardoso

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Foliar anatomy of the subfamily Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae)