We address the problem of optimal size-selective exploitation in an age-structured fish population model by systematically examining how density- and size-dependency in growth, mortality and fecundity affect optimal harvesting patterns when judged against a set of common fisheries objectives. Five key insights are derived. First, while minimum-length limits often maximize the biomass yield, exploitation using harvest slots (i.e., regulations that protect both immature and very large individuals) can generate within 95% of maximum yield, and harvest slots generally maximize the number of fish that are harvested. Second, density-dependence in growth and size-dependent mortality predict more liberal optimal size-limits than those derived under assumptions of no density and size-dependence. Third, strong density-dependence in growth maximizes the production of trophy fish in the catch only when some modest harvest is introduced; the same holds for numbers harvested, when the stock-recruitment function follows the Ricker-type. Fourth, the inclusion of size-dependent maternal effects on fecundity or egg viability has only limited effects on optimal size limits, unless the increase in fecundity with mass (“hyperallometry”) is very large. Extreme hyperallometry in fecundity also shifts the optimal size-limit for biomass yield from the traditional minimum-length limit to a harvest slot. Fifth, harvest slots generally provide the best compromises among multiple objectives. We conclude that harvest slots, or more generally dome-shaped selectivity to harvest, can outperform the standard minimum-length selectivity. The exact configuration of optimal size limits crucially depends on objectives, local fishing pressure, the stock-recruitment function and the density and size-dependency of growth, mortality and fecundity.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/faf.12442

Saving large fish through harvest slots outperforms the classical minimum‐length limit when the aim is to achieve multiple harvest and catch‐related fisheries objectives

Reviewing the sociotechnical dynamics of carbon removal

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/08/19/738708.full.pdf

Saving large fish through harvest slots outperforms the classical minimum-length limit when the aim is to achieve multiple harvest and catch-related fisheries objectives

Increasingly, the removal and durable storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide is understood as necessary to meeting targets to limit climate change. While research on technologies for 'carbon removal' or 'negative emissions' is growing, little of that work has attended to the social implications of these technologies, such as how carbon removal initiatives might be formulated in ways that align with public values and principles of justice and just transitions. In this paper, we draw upon involvement in early-stage research on offshore direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) to reflect upon these questions. We argue that (1) carbon removal's links and associations with extractive industries must be anticipated and that issues of distrust and operational oversight be addressed; (2) employment of 'climate solutions' and 'climate urgency' narratives require care and reflexivity so as not to overwhelm other considerations; (3) despite the apparent absence of people, offshore contexts must be understood and treated as social contexts with impacts to people and communities; (4) both onshore and offshore contexts require recognition of Indigenous jurisdiction, rights and title in project planning and design; (5) discussions of a just transition for carbon removal must go beyond attention to employment to address questions of infrastructure ownership, monitoring and governance. Drawing on these reflections, we offer a set of recommendations for early-stage carbon removal projects. Together, these suggestions offer a starting place for making carbon removal research and deployment more just and aligned with broader societal priorities. 

Towards just, responsible, and socially viable carbon removal: lessons from offshore DACCS research for early-stage carbon removal projects

Use of a Restrictive Regulation to Manage Walleyes in a New Glacial Lake in South Dakota

Using Limited Data to Identify Optimal Bag and Size Limits to Prevent Overfishing

Localized governance of carbon dioxide removal in Small Island Developing States

Impacts of Enhanced Olivine Weathering in Nearshore Marine Environments

Despite an increase in literature on public perceptions of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), there remains a paucity of evidence describing the social and developmental processes involved in the implementation of projects in-situ. This research illustrates a case study documenting the experiences of planning for the establishment of a project for coastal enhanced weathering - a form of ocean alkalinity enhancement - in a remote, rural area of the Northwestern Dominican Republic, a Small Island Developing State particularly at risk from climate change impacts. In collaboration with local communities and national organizations, the company responsible for the project (Vesta) conducted field-based research to develop scientific methods to monitor the safety, efficacy, and public awareness of the technique during a field pilot, although it was ultimately determined that the local site conditions were not suitable for effective carbon removal and thus the project did not move forward. This paper, a collaboration between Vesta and researchers located in the Dominican Republic and the United Kingdom, reflects upon the multifaceted processes involved in researching and developing coastal enhanced weathering in the Dominican Republic. In it, we draw upon two years’ worth of surveys, interviews, focus groups, ethnographic field observations, group information sessions, and reflexive documentation by the Dominican Republic researchers, to present a first-hand account of an exploration into the opportunities and challenges to collaborative governance of CDR. We discuss themes of climate vulnerability, justice, and adaptive capacity through the lens of the collaborative governance and social diffusion principles that the project was designed with. Finally, we reflect on a programme of outreach and participatory activities which was established to support community development in the areas surrounding the field trial site, as informed by exploration of community needs drawn from the research. 

Opportunities and Challenges to Collaborative Governance of Carbon Dioxide Removal: Lessons From an Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Project in Dominican Republic

Despite an increase in literature on public perceptions of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), there remains a paucity of evidence describing the social and developmental processes involved in the implementation of projects in-situ. This research illustrates a case study documenting a planned research project for coastal enhanced weathering—a form of ocean alkalinity enhancement—in a remote, rural area of the Northwestern Dominican Republic, a Small Island Developing State particularly at risk from climate change impacts. This paper is a collaboration between the company responsible for the project (Vesta) and researchers located in the Dominican Republic and the United Kingdom, We draw upon 2 years' worth of surveys, interviews, focus groups, group information sessions, and reflexive documentation by the Dominican Republic researchers, to present a first-hand account of local community responses to the planned research project and to coastal enhanced weathering and climate change more broadly. We discuss themes of climate vulnerability, justice, and adaptive capacity through the lens of the collaborative governance and social diffusion principles that the project was designed with. We also reflect on a program of outreach and participatory activities which was established to support community development in the areas surrounding the field trial site, as informed by exploration of community needs drawn from the research.

Public engagement and collaboration for carbon dioxide removal: lessons from a project in the Dominican Republic

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