A direct-write “dip-pen” nanolithography (DPN) has been developed to deliver collections of molecules in a positive printing mode. An atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used to write alkanethiols with 30-nanometer linewidth resolution on a gold thin film in a manner analogous to that of a dip pen. Molecules are delivered from the AFM tip to a solid substrate of interest via capillary transport, making DPN a potentially useful tool for creating and functionalizing nanoscale devices.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/283/5402/661.full.pdf

"Dip-Pen" Nanolithography

http://kbose.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/4/9/10492046/force-distance_curves_by_atomic_force_microscopy_1.pdf

Force-distance curves by atomic force microscopy

A few years after the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), the atomic force microscope (AFM) was developed Instead of measuring tunneling current, a new physical quantity could be investigated with atomic-scale resolution: the force between a small tip and a chosen sample surface This paper reviews progress and recent results obtained with AFM and other closely related techniques in the field of nanotribology, and attempts to point out many of the unresolved questions that remain The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that AFM is capable of producing atomic-scale knowledge As such, the authors will focus upon some of the contributions of the AFM to nanotribology They will almost exclusively discuss results that shed light on the actual atomic and molecular processes taking place, as opposed to the more applied investigations of microscale properties which are also carried out with AFM They will accompany this discussion by mentioning related theoretical efforts and simulations, although their main emphasis will be upon experimental results and the techniques used to obtain them, as well as suggested future directions In many ways, AFM techniques for quantitative, fundamental nanotribology are only in a nascent stage; certain key issues such as force calibration,more » tip characterization, and the effects of the experimental environment, are not fully resolved or standardized The authors thus begin with a critical discussion of the relevant technical aspects with using AFM for nanotribology 289 refs« less

/pdf/scratching-the-surface-fundamental-investigations-of-4kjq5s243s.pdf

Scratching the Surface: Fundamental Investigations of Tribology with Atomic Force Microscopy.

A new technology makes it possible to examine hair in contact with air and to study the interactions of cationic polymers and hair

Scanning force microscopy

The molecular configuration of water adsorbed on a hydrophilic silicon oxide surface at room temperature has been determined as a function of relative humidity using attenuated total reflection (ATR)−infrared spectroscopy. A completely hydrogen-bonded icelike network of water grows up to three layers as the relative humidity increases from 0 to 30%. In the relative humidity range of 30−60%, the liquid water structure starts appearing while the icelike structure continues growing to saturation. The total thickness of the adsorbed layer increases only one molecular layer in this humidity range. Above 60% relative humidity, the liquid water configuration grows on top of the icelike layer. This structural evolution indicates that the outermost layer of the adsorbed water molecules undergoes transitions in equilibrium behavior as humidity varies. These transitions determine the shape of the adsorption isotherm curve. The structural transitions of the outermost adsorbed layer are accompanied by interfacial ener...

Evolution of the Adsorbed Water Layer Structure on Silicon Oxide at Room Temperature

The influence of capillary condensation and humidity to friction and adhesion properties on a nanometer scale has been studied using a bidirectional force microscope. On a hydrophilic silicon oxide surface strong capillary formation could be observed at high humidities, whereas, on less hydrophilic amorphous carbon films and lubricated silicon oxide surfaces, capillary formation is suppressed. The hydrophilicity of the surface is also found to promote the lubricative effects of adsorbed water.

Influence of capillary condensation of water on nanotribology studied by force microscopy

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Influence of capillary condensation of water on nanotribology studied by force microscopy