A multi-institutional trials program was initiated to define the effects of interferons in disseminated human breast carcinoma. Interferon alpha, prepared from buffy coats, was administere...

Leukocyte-Derived Interferon (Alpha) in Human Breast Carcinoma

Nineteen patients with advanced refractory metastatic breast cancer no longer responsive to chemotherapy were treated in the first phase II efficacy trial of recombinant leukocyte A interf...

Recombinant Leukocyte A Interferon in Advanced Breast Cancer

quarters of a century ago (2). It has often been remarked that the workers in these fields have suffered from manic-depressive waves of optimism and pessimism (3), and an attempt will be made to trace the causes of this instability. Why have scientists held certain views with such violence, only to see their position overturned and, if they lived long enough, overturned again? A general explanation has been given recently for the course of events. In a chapter headed \"Animal experimentsâ€”a failed technology,\" Robert Sharpe (4) suggests that animal cancer

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/51/3/757.full.pdf

Tumor transplantation and tumor immunity: a personal view.

Spleen cells from inbred Biozzi mice, immunized against the human breast cancer cell line T47D, were fused with murine myeloma SP2O cells to generate monoclonal antibodies. One of these, 1BE12, of IgM isotype, reacted with five of six human breast tumor cell lines, while no binding was detectable with normal lymphocytes, RBC, or fibroblasts. The antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody 1BE12 was localized on the surface of T47D and MCF7 cells and was detected in cell-free supernatants of cultures. The antigen was found also on the surface of milk secretory cells. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen and paraffin-embedded sections of human tissues showed apical polarized reactivity in normal breast glands, while in all breast cancers staining was either cytoplasmic or membranous and heterogeneously distributed. Immunostaining was also observed in some other normal epithelia, including salivary gland, gastroduodenal mucosa, exocrine pancreas, and cervix. The antigen was not detectable in secretory endometrium, whereas proliferative endometrium was strongly stained. Colon carcinoma, and cancers of the bladder and endometrium were strongly reactive. No staining was detected in melanoma, lymphoma, mesothelioma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and thyroid, renal, and ovarian carcinomas. Lectin absorption of MCF7 membrane extracts reduced 1BE12 binding. A large reduction in 1BE12 reactivity was observed after digestion of T47D and MCF7 membrane extracts with proteases. Treatment with sodium periodate resulted in complete loss of antigenicity, while neuraminidase treatment did not affect 1BE12 binding. These findings suggest that the 1BE12 epitope is expressed on the carbohydrate moiety of a glycoprotein and does not contain sialic acid. Immunoblotting of the perchloric acid-soluble fraction of MCF7 membrane extracts after electrophoresis in 1% agarose detected the antigen as a high molecular weight species (Mr greater than 900,000). The antigen was purified by perchloric acid extraction of MCF7 membrane preparations followed by affinity chromatography on 1BE12 antibody coupled to Sepharose-4B and gel exclusion fast protein liquid chromatography. No reactivity of the purified material was found with monoclonal antibodies directed against human milk fat globule membrane-associated mucins HMFG1 and DF3.

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/50/22/7333.full.pdf

Characterization and distribution in human tissues of a glycoproteic antigen defined by monoclonal antibody 1BE12 raised against the human breast cancer cell line T47D

Rapid advances have been made in understanding and manipulating the immune response in health and disease. The two most important achievements were the development of techniques to immortalize antibody secreting cells to produce monoclonal antibodies and the cloning and artificial production of cytokines. Now that these immune system components can be produced homogeneously and in large quantities, clinical trials are under way to determine whether they are applicable to the care of breast cancer patients. At present, we are just beginning to see interpretable results of studies in patients with metastatic breast cancer, and there are few data available from adjuvant trials. This review will discuss the immune augmenting agents, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies that have been tested or are soon to be evaluated for breast cancer and will discuss the prospects and challenges for future investigation.

Immunotherapy of breast cancer.

The analysis of surface membrane and intracellular antigens in breast carcinoma cells has been greatly accelerated by the discovery of monoclonal antibodies produced by somatic cell hybridization1. Such antibodies provide a large supply of a reagent which reproducibly recognizes a single antigenic epitope. This allows analysis of epitope and antigen expession as well as purification and characterization of the antigen.

Immunobiology of Human Breast Cancer

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Immunobiology of Human Breast Cancer