Exercise has many benefits for physical and mental well-being. Metabolomics research has allowed scientists to study the impact of exercise on the body by analyzing metabolites released by tissues such as skeletal muscle, bone, and the liver. Endurance training increases mitochondrial content and oxidative enzymes, while resistance training increases muscle fiber and glycolytic enzymes. Acute endurance exercise affects amino acid metabolism, fat metabolism, cellular energy metabolism, and cofactor and vitamin metabolism. Subacute endurance exercise alters amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Chronic endurance exercise improves lipid metabolism and changes amino acid metabolism. Acute resistance exercise changes several metabolic pathways, including anaerobic processes and muscular strength. Chronic resistance exercise affects metabolic pathways, resulting in skeletal muscle adaptations. Combined endurance–resistance exercise alters lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, increasing anaerobic metabolic capacity and fatigue resistance. Studying exercise-induced metabolites is a growing field, and further research can uncover the underlying metabolic mechanisms and help tailor exercise programs for optimal health and performance.

/pdf/exercise-metabolome-insights-for-health-and-performance-3bax1i6q.pdf

Exercise Metabolome: Insights for Health and Performance

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan masih banyak atlet kelompok usia 16 tahun se-Kabupaten Sumedang yang belum memahami peraturan permainan bola voli dan seberapa besar tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap peraturan permainan bola voli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman peraturan permainan bola voli pada atlet kelompok usia 16 tahun se-Kabupaten Sumedang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket atau (kuesioner). Populasi yang diambil adalah seluurh atlet putri kelompok usia 16 tahun yang berjumlah 112 atlet dari 8 klub yang sudah terdaftar di Kabupaten Sumedang. teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik total sampling. Instrumen yang telah tersusun tersebut di uji cobakan kepada atlet bola voli putri kelompok usia 16 tahun yang tidak dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 60 responden dengan menggunakan 30 butir pernyataan. Selanjutnya di uji validitas menggunakan rumus product moment dan uji reliabilitas menggunakan rumus alpha cronbach. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif yang dituangkan dalam bentuk persentase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapapatkan hasil yaitu jumlah atlet yang menjawab dalam kategori sangat tinggi sebanyak 6 atlet (5%). Selanjutnya jumlah atlet yang menjawab dalam kategori tinggi sebanyak 40 atlet (36%). Sedangkan jumlah siswa yang menjawab dalam kategori sedang sebanyak 19 atlet (17%), pada kategori “Rendah” yaitu sebanyak 46 atlet (41%) dan terdapat 1 atlet (1%) yang menjawab dalam kategori sangat rendah maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat pemahaman peraturan permainan bola voli pada atlet kelompok usia 16 tahun se-Kabupaten Sumedang berada. pada kateogri rendah.

Survei Tingkat Pemahaman Peraturan Permainan Bola Voli pada Atlet Kelompok Usia 16 Tahun

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibits high prevalence and heritability despite causing negative impacts on fertility and fecundity. Previous hypotheses have postulated that some PCOS-associated traits, especially above-average levels of testosterone, were associated with benefits in ancestral environments. As such, PCOS would represent, in part, a maladaptive extreme of adaptations related to relatively high testosterone. To evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted a series of systematic literature reviews on the associations of testosterone levels, and prenatal testosterone metrics, with measures of strength, robustness, muscularity, and athleticism in females. We also systematically reviewed the literature on associations of testosterone with dominance in females and reviewed archaeological evidence concerning female strength and muscularity and its correlates. The main findings were fivefold: (1) elevated testosterone levels were generally associated with higher strength, muscularity and athleticism in females; (2) females with PCOS showed notable evidence of increased strength, muscularity, and athleticism compared to controls; (3) females with higher testosterone levels exhibited clear evidence of high dominance, (4) despite evidence that higher testosterone is linked with higher bone mineral density in healthy females, PCOS was not clearly associated with this phenotype; and (5) archaeological evidence from osteology, and data from some current small-scale societies, indicated that females often exhibit substantial levels of muscularity. Overall, the hypothesis that relatively high levels of testosterone are associated with benefits to females in some contexts was largely supported. These results provide evidence for the “maladaptive extremes of adaptation” model, with implications for treatment of females with PCOS and for future research. 

The evolutionary basis of elevated testosterone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an overview of systematic reviews of the evidence

Annotation. Study of modern laboratory markers of structural and functional disturbances of muscle tissue in athletes, reflecting energy metabolism, paravertebral muscle damage, and being an indicator of body performance and muscle activity, is of undeniable practical importance for modern sports medicine. The aim of the study was to determine clinical and biochemical parameters of blood in volleyball players and wrestlers in assessment of structural and functional changes in skeletal muscles. Blood examination was carried out in 26 volleyball players and 25 middleweight Greco-Roman wrestlers as part of repeated comprehensive medical examination being conducted at the Department of Physical Education of Vinnytsia National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. Eligible subjects included athletes 17 to 21years of age having first adult category to master of sports and being in preparatory period of annual training macrocycle. The athletes were examined in the morning, on empty stomach, not less than 12 hours after training. The control group consisted of 25 practically healthy students having moderate physical activity. Clinical blood indices were determined by conductometric method on an automatic hematology analyzer ABX HORIBA PENTRA 60 C + (France). Hormonal studies were carried out by immunochemiluminescence method on automatic analyzer “ACCESS-2”, Bekchman Coulter (USA). Biochemical studies were performed using an automatic analyzer AU-480, Bekchman Coulter (USA). Electrolyte content was determined by ion-selective electrode technology on Medica electrolyte analyzer in EasyElectrolytes™, using lithium heparin vacuum system. Glucose levels were determined on automatic analyzer Biosen (Germany). Statistical processing was done using the program “Statistica 5.5”. Significance of differences between the variables was determined by Mann-Whitney U-test. The following serum humoral factors were found to be of great significance in assessment of structural and functional changes in skeletal muscles in volleyball players and wrestlers: the number of large immature cells of monocytes and platelets, electrolyte content, concentration of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine level, as well as triglycerides and lactate levels. Establishing blood biomarkers should be an integral part of scientific and practical monitoring of health status in team athletes and wrestlers.

/pdf/specific-features-of-blood-parameters-in-volleyball-players-3g0i94mi.pdf

Specific features of blood parameters in volleyball players and wrestlers in preparatory period of training cycle

This study aimed to investigate the effects of wild 

Therapeutic potential of Cordyceps sinensis targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the treatment of COPD rats: insights from metabolomics analysis

Aim Limited investigations on metabolic responses to exercise training in female adolescent volleyball athletes exist. The aim of this study was to obtain serum and urine metabolite markers in female adolescent volleyball athletes within 2-week strength-endurance training using a metabolomics approach coupled with biochemical analysis, which would be potential biomarkers for evaluating the physiological state of athletes. Methods Twelve female adolescent volleyball athletes were recruited for 2-week strength-endurance training. Differential serum and urine metabolic profiles between the pre- and post-training group were obtained on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and data subsequently underwent orthogonal partial least-squares analysis (OPLS). Results Strength-endurance training exerted a significant influence on the athletes' serum and urine metabolic profiles. The changed metabolites were primarily involved in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acids metabolism. Results support the hypothesis that female athletes displayed an increased propensity to oxidize lipids as the major energy source. Exposure to strength-endurance training also led to a significant increase in cortisol, but a decrease in testosterone, indicating disordered hormone adjustment. Exercise-induced oxidative stress occurred, as was evidenced by the decrease in reduced glutathione, and increases in blood malondialdehyde and oxidized glutathione. Since the muscle damage markers creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase did not show significant changes, the training might not cause cell membrane damage and the athletes did not cross the adaptive injury level. Conclusion By measurement of endogenous metabolites, the metabolomics study has the potential to reveal the global physiological changes in response to exercise training.

/pdf/the-effect-of-strength-endurance-training-on-serum-and-urine-45nyag1sdt.pdf

The effect of strength-endurance training on serum and urine metabolic profiles of female adolescent volleyball athletes.

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The effect of strength-endurance training on serum and urine metabolic profiles of female adolescent volleyball athletes.