Among the world's finest natural fiber composites is derived from the secondary hair follicles (SHFs) of cashmere goats yield one of the world's best natural fibres. Their development and cycling are characterized by photoperiodism with diverse, well-orchestrated stimulatory and inhibitory signals. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) and mRNAs play important roles in hair follicle (HF) development. However, not many studies have explored their specific functions in cashmere development and cycling. This study detected mRNAs and lncRNAs with their candidate genes and related pathways in SHF development and cycling of cashmere goat. We utilized RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics analysis on lncRNA and mRNA expressions in goat hair follicles to discover candidate genes and metabolic pathways that could affect development and cycling (anagen, catagen, and telogen).We identified 228 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and 256 DE lncRNA. For mRNAs, catagen and anagen had 16 upregulated and 35 downregulated DEGs, catagen and telogen had 18 upregulated and 9 downregulated DEGs and telogen and anagen had 52 upregulated and 98 downregulated DEGs. LncRNA witnessed 22 upregulated and 39 downregulated DEGs for catagen and anagen, 36 upregulated and 29 downregulated DEGs for catagen and telogen as well as 66 upregulated and 97 downregulated DEGs for telogen and anagen. Several key genes, including MSTRG.5451.2, MSTRG.45465.3, MSTRG.11609.2, CHST1, SH3BP4, CDKN1A, GAREM1, GSK-3β, DEFB103A KRTAP9-2, YAP1, S100A7A, FA2H, LOC102190037, LOC102179090, LOC102173866, KRT2, KRT39, FAM167A, FAT4 and EGFL6 were shown to be potentially important in hair follicle development and cycling. They were related to, WNT/β-catenin, mTORC1, ERK/MAPK, Hedgehog, TGFβ, NFkB/p38MAPK, caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)-1a signaling pathways.This work adds to existing understanding of the regulation of HF development and cycling in cashmere goats via lncRNAs and mRNAs. It also serves as theoretical foundation for future SHF research in cashmere goats. 

/pdf/integrated-analysis-of-lncrnas-and-mrnas-by-rna-seq-in-1qnqzc52.pdf

Integrated analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs by RNA-Seq in secondary hair follicle development and cycling (anagen, catagen and telogen) of Jiangnan cashmere goat (Capra hircus)

Using goat UniGene to identify miRNA and RT-PCR was used to validate the predicted miRNA,and then Realtime PCR was performed to detect the miRNA expression during one year in goat skin and muscle.Results revealed that 5new miRNA were identified and all of these miRNA were expressed in goat skin and muscle,in which a miRNA cluster was discovered which was composed of chi-miR-421*,chi-miR-421and chi-miR-374b.miRNA expression results indicated that chi-miR-1839,chi-miR-374band chi-miR-2284nin skin gave a highest expression level on February,chi-miR-421and chi-miR-421*expression increased remarkably on October.The identification of 5new miRNA in goat(chi-miR-2284n,chi-miR-421*,chimiR-421,chi-miR-1839and chi-miR-374b,accession number:JQ002550-JQ002554)was a useful complement for goat miRNA database.

Identification and Experimental Verification of Novel miRNA on UniGene in Goat

In the present experiment, we study the function of methionine on hair follicle development in heat‐stressed Rex Rabbits and its potential molecular mechanism. Rex rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups (30 replicates per group): control group (20–25°C, fed basic diet), heat stress group (30–34°C, fed basic diet), heat stress + methionine group (30–34°C, fed 0.15% methionine in addition to the basic diet). fed basic diet (control), heat stress + methionine group (30–34°C, fed 0.3% methionine in addition to the basic diet), heat stress + methionine group (30–34°C, fed 0.45% methionine in addition to the basic diet). The results show that heat stress decreases the hair follicle density of Rex rabbits, and the diet methionine addition significantly increases the hair follicle density of heat‐stressed Rabbits (p < .05). Heat stress increased serum HSP70 concentration and skin HSP70 gene expression, 0.15%–0.3% methionine but not 0.45% addition alleviated the effect of heat stress. Dietary 0.15% methionine addition significantly increases the gene expression of Wnt10b, β‐catenin, LEF, FZD4, LRP6, Shh, HGF, EGF, and Noggin in heat‐stressed Rex rabbits and observably decreases the gene expression of BMP2/4 and TGFb. There was no significant effect of methionine on the expression of IGF1 and FGF5/7 gene expression. In conclusion, methionine maybe promotes hair follicle development via TGFβ‐BMP/Shh‐Noggin, Wnt10b/β‐catenin, EGF, and HGF signaling pathways in heat‐stressed rabbits.

Methionine can subside hair follicle development prejudice of heat‐stressed rex rabbits

Hetian sheep is a breed of sheep unique to the Hetian area of Xinjiang whose wool is used for producing blankets. Individual differences and hair follicle density are the key factors affecting wool production. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the Hetian sheep having different wool densities to statistically analyze the wool traits and hair follicle parameters. Furthermore, the transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the skins with different wool densities. The results showed that wool quantity and total hair follicle density of the high wool density sheep was significantly higher than low wool density sheep. The sheepskin with high wool density was found to grow more and finer wool than sheepskin with low wool density. A total of 1,452 differentially expressed genes were screened from the two sets of samples, including 754 upregulated and 698 downregulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were involved in the TGF-β/BMP and MAPK signaling pathways related to hair growth. Eleven differentially expressed genes belonging to the KAPs and KIFs might affect the fineness of the wool. The key genes, like the TNF, MAP2K2, INHBA, FST, PTPN11, MAP3K7, KIT, and BMPR1A, were found to probably affect the growth and density of the wool. The qPCR verified eight genes related to the MAPK pathway whose gene expression trends were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This study furnishes valuable resources for enhancing the quality and production of wool in the Hetian sheep.

/pdf/identification-of-key-genes-and-signaling-pathways-related-2ke699jr.pdf

Identification of key genes and signaling pathways related to Hetian sheep wool density by RNA-seq technology

Cashmere, which has high economic value, is made from the secondary hair follicles of cashmere goat skin. Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are considered the center for regulation of hair growth, which ...

/pdf/regulatory-role-of-lef-1-in-the-proliferation-of-arbas-white-4z09jm1ror.pdf

Regulatory role of LEF-1 in the Proliferation of Arbas White Cashmere Goat Dermal Papilla Cells

The mammalian hair follicle (HF) is a unique, highly regenerative organ with a distinct developmental cycle. Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) HFs can be divided into two categories based on structure and development time: primary and secondary follicles. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the primary and secondary HFs of cashmere goats, the RNA sequencing of six individuals from Arbas, Inner Mongolia, was performed. A total of 617 DEGs were identified; 297 were upregulated while 320 were downregulated. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the main functions of the upregulated genes were electron transport, respiratory electron transport, mitochondrial electron transport, and gene expression. The downregulated genes were mainly involved in cell autophagy, protein complexes, neutrophil aggregation, and bacterial fungal defense reactions. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, these genes are mainly involved in the metabolism of cysteine and methionine, RNA polymerization, and the MAPK signaling pathway, and were enriched in primary follicles. A microRNA-target network revealed that secondary follicles are involved in several important biological processes, such as the synthesis of keratin-associated proteins and enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis. In summary, these findings will increase our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms of HF development and cycling, and provide a basis for the further study of the genes and functions of HF development.

/pdf/discovery-of-differentially-expressed-genes-in-cashmere-goat-4ses36gxdd.pdf

Discovery of differentially expressed genes in cashmere goat (Capra hircus) hair follicles by RNA sequencing.

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Discovery of differentially expressed genes in cashmere goat (Capra hircus) hair follicles by RNA sequencing.